Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes being free from danger or harm.

Meaning:
Being free from danger or harm.

Usage:

1. She was relieved to hear that her family arrived safe and sound.
2. He made it home safe and sound after the storm.
3. They were happy to find their pet safe and sound.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Unharmed," "In one piece," "Secure"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be free from harm or danger, often after a risky situation. The idiom uses "sound" metaphorically to imply security or well-being, not related to the literal meaning of safety or soundness, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of taking risks or acting in a way that is close to the limits of what is acceptable or legal. It comes from the sailing term for navigating close to the wind's direction.

Meaning:
To take risks or act in a way that is close to the limits of what is acceptable or legal.

Usage:

1. He was sailing close to the wind with his financial dealings.
2. She sailed close to the wind with her daring remarks.
3. They knew they were sailing close to the wind with their marketing tactics.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Take risks," "Push boundaries," "Flirt with danger."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take a risk or act in a way that is dangerous, often close to the edge of what is acceptable. While sailing itself can be a literal action, the idiom metaphorically describes behavior that is risky or borderline acceptable. The figurative meaning of navigating near danger cannot be directly deduced from the words "sail" and "wind."

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of completing something with ease and little difficulty. It comes from the idea of smoothly sailing through calm waters.

Meaning:
To complete something with ease and little difficulty.

Usage:

1. She sailed through the exam with high marks.
2. He sailed through the interview and got the job.
3. They sailed through the project ahead of schedule.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Breeze through," "Glide through," "Easily manage."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to complete a task or challenge with ease, without encountering difficulties. The "sailing" here refers metaphorically to moving smoothly through an activity, which is far from the literal sense of physically sailing. The figurative meaning of easily overcoming something is not directly inferred from the literal interpretation of "sail."

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the Bible and symbolizes someone who is genuine, reliable, and of great worth.

Meaning:
Someone who is genuine, reliable, and of great worth.

Usage:

1. He is the salt of the earth, always helping others.
2. She is considered the salt of the earth in her community.
3. They admired him for being the salt of the earth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Trustworthy," "Dependable," "Honorable"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a person who is humble, dependable, and of great value. The idiom uses "salt" metaphorically to represent an essential, fundamental quality of goodness, not the literal meaning of salt, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the idea of being in the same difficult or challenging situation as others. It comes from the image of people sharing the same boat, facing the same conditions.

Meaning:
To be in the same difficult or challenging situation as others.

Usage:

1. They realized they were all in the same boat with the layoffs.
2. She reminded her friends that they were in the same boat with their exams.
3. He felt comforted knowing they were in the same boat facing the challenges.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"In the same situation," "Shared fate," "Common plight."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being in a similar situation or predicament, often one that involves shared difficulties or challenges. The "boat" metaphorically represents a collective experience, and while the literal phrase could refer to being on a boat, its figurative meaning of sharing a situation is the primary focus, which cannot be fully understood just by interpreting the words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century, symbolizing the idea that what is appropriate for one person should be appropriate for another. It comes from the saying "what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander."

Meaning:
What is appropriate for one person should be appropriate for another.

Usage:

1. He argued that if she could take a break, then it was sauce for the gander that he could too.
2. She believed in fairness, thinking that what was sauce for the gander should apply to everyone.
3. They insisted that the same rules apply to all, as sauce for the gander.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Fairness," "Equal treatment," "What's good for one is good for all."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that what is good or fair for one person should also be good or fair for another. The "sauce" in this idiom doesn't refer to a literal condiment, but rather to the idea of fairness and equality. The meaning is not literal and cannot be deduced from the individual words alone, as it is used figuratively to express a broader point about fairness.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes preserving one's reputation or dignity.

Meaning:
Preserving one's reputation or dignity.

Usage:

1. He tried to save face after making the mistake.
2. She found a way to save face during the negotiation.
3. They helped him save face in front of his colleagues.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Maintain dignity," "Preserve reputation," "Avoid embarrassment"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to avoid humiliation or to preserve one's dignity, especially in a difficult situation. The idiom uses "face" metaphorically to represent a person's reputation or social standing, not referring to the literal act of saving one's face, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes rescuing someone from trouble or danger.

Meaning:
Rescuing someone from trouble or danger.

Usage:

1. She saved his bacon by lending him money.
2. He saved their bacon by fixing the car.
3. They thanked her for saving their bacon during the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Rescue," "Help out," "Bail out"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to rescue or protect someone from a difficult or dangerous situation. "Bacon" here refers metaphorically to a person's well-being or life, not to the literal meaning of bacon, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of protecting someone from harm or danger. It comes from the idea of saving someone's life or body from a risky situation.

Meaning:
To protect someone from harm or danger.

Usage:

1. He saved her neck by fixing the error before the boss noticed.
2. She saved his skin by lending him the money he needed.
3. They knew he saved their necks during the crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Protect," "Rescue," "Shield."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to rescue someone from a dangerous or difficult situation, particularly one that could have serious consequences. The "neck" or "skin" metaphorically represents a person’s well-being or survival, not the literal body part. The figurative meaning of saving someone’s life or reputation is emphasized, and it cannot be fully understood by just considering the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of telling someone not to bother speaking because their words won't make a difference. It comes from the idea of saving one's breath for more useful purposes.

Meaning:
To tell someone not to bother speaking because their words won't make a difference.

Usage:

1. She told him to save his breath because she wasn't listening.
2. He decided to save his breath and not argue.
3. They said to save their breath since the decision was final.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Don't waste your time," "Keep quiet," "It's no use."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stop speaking or refrain from wasting effort, often in a situation where someone’s words are unlikely to make a difference. The idiom "save your breath" does not refer to the literal act of preserving one’s breath but instead metaphorically advises someone to conserve their energy because their efforts would be futile. The figurative meaning cannot be directly inferred from the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being rescued from a difficult situation at the last moment.

Meaning:
Being rescued from a difficult situation at the last moment.

Usage:

1. He was saved by the bell when the meeting ended.
2. She felt saved by the bell when the phone rang.
3. They were saved by the bell when the fire alarm went off.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Rescued last minute," "Narrow escape," "Timely intervention"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being rescued from a difficult or dangerous situation just in time, often unexpectedly. The "bell" is used figuratively to imply a timing element that prevents further trouble, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of saving money for future emergencies or unexpected events. It comes from the idea of preparing for potential difficulties, like a rainy day.

Meaning:
To save money for future emergencies or unexpected events.

Usage:

1. She put some money aside, saving for a rainy day.
2. He believed in saving for a rainy day to be prepared.
3. They advised their children to save for a rainy day.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Build a nest egg," "Prepare for hard times," "Save for the future."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to putting money aside for future use, especially in times of need or hardship, which cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of "saving" and "rainy day." While "rainy day" may refer to bad weather in a literal sense, it metaphorically signifies times of difficulty or unforeseen circumstances, which makes the meaning figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a redeeming quality that makes a person or situation better despite its flaws. It comes from the idea of grace saving someone from condemnation.

Meaning:
A redeeming quality that makes a person or situation better despite its flaws.

Usage:

1. Her honesty was her saving grace in the difficult situation.
2. He found the humor in the movie to be its saving grace.
3. They saw the team's determination as the saving grace of the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Redeeming feature," "Positive aspect," "Bright spot."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an unexpected or rare positive aspect of something that is otherwise bad or disappointing. The idiom cannot be understood literally since "grace" here does not refer to divine favor, but symbolizes a redeeming feature, which makes the meaning figurative and not deducible from the words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of suddenly realizing the truth or gaining clarity. It comes from a biblical reference to the scales falling from Saul's eyes when he regained his sight.

Meaning:
To suddenly realize the truth or gain clarity.

Usage:

1. When she learned the truth, it was like the scales fell from her eyes.
2. He felt the scales fall from his eyes after the revelation.
3. They experienced the scales falling from their eyes during the investigation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"See the light," "Gain insight," "Realize the truth."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes the moment of realization or enlightenment when someone suddenly understands something that was previously unclear. The "scales" falling from the eyes metaphorically represent the removal of ignorance or misunderstanding, making it a figurative expression rather than a literal one.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing something very rare or hard to find. It comes from the idea that hens do not have teeth, making them extremely scarce.

Meaning:
Very rare or hard to find.

Usage:

1. Opportunities like that are as scarce as hen's teeth.
2. He said such kindness is as scarce as hen's teeth.
3. They knew that the rare item was as scarce as hen's teeth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Rare," "Hard to find," "Uncommon."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it uses a metaphor of something so rare (hen's teeth) to emphasize the rarity of an event or thing. The idiom cannot be understood literally, as hens do not have teeth, and its meaning is purely figurative, referring to something extremely uncommon.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of frightening someone severely. It comes from the idea of scaring someone so much that they lose their ability to think clearly.

Meaning:
To frighten someone severely.

Usage:

1. The haunted house scared him out of his wits.
2. She was scared out of her wits by the sudden noise.
3. They scared each other out of their wits with ghost stories.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Terrify," "Frighten greatly," "Shock."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to frighten someone so much that they temporarily lose their composure or sense of control. The idiom uses "wits" metaphorically, referring to one's mental state, and the figurative meaning cannot be derived from the literal words of being "scared" or "out of wits."

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of frightening someone very much. It comes from the idea of scaring someone to the point of nearly losing consciousness.

Meaning:
To frighten someone very much.

Usage:

1. The loud bang scared the living daylights out of him.
2. She scared the living daylights out of her friend with a prank.
3. They scared the living daylights out of each other with horror movies.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Frighten terribly," "Shock profoundly," "Scare witless."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to causing someone to be extremely frightened. The "living daylights" here is a figurative expression, as it does not refer to any literal object but instead emphasizes the intensity of the fear, making the meaning non-literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes frightening someone greatly.

Meaning:
Frightening someone greatly.

Usage:

1. The horror movie scared the pants off her.
2. He loved to scare the pants off his friends with ghost stories.
3. They were scared the pants off by the sudden noise.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Frighten," "Terrify," "Spook"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to frighten someone greatly. The "pants" are not meant literally, but are used figuratively to convey a strong emotional reaction of fear, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being extremely frightened.

Meaning:
Being extremely frightened.

Usage:

1. She was scared stiff during the thunderstorm.
2. He was scared stiff at the haunted house.
3. They were scared stiff when they saw the snake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Terrified," "Petrified," "Frozen with fear"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be extremely frightened or terrified, to the point of being immobile. The idiom uses "stiff" metaphorically to describe the paralysis or freeze response to fear, not referring to literal stiffness, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes being disorganized and forgetful.

Meaning:
Being disorganized and forgetful.

Usage:

1. She felt scatterbrained with all the tasks she had.
2. He can be scatterbrained when he's stressed.
3. They called her scatterbrained for losing her keys again.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Disorganized," "Forgetful," "Absent-minded"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is disorganized or forgetful, often due to being mentally unfocused. "Scatter" metaphorically suggests a lack of cohesion in thought, not the literal act of scattering things, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes learning through difficult experiences.

Meaning:
Learning through difficult experiences.

Usage:

1. He graduated from the school of hard knocks in life.
2. She felt she learned more from the school of hard knocks than any classroom.
3. They believed in the value of the school of hard knocks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Life lessons," "Tough experiences," "Hard-earned wisdom"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the life experiences that teach difficult lessons, often through struggle or adversity. The idiom uses "school" metaphorically to represent life as an educator, not referring to an actual educational institution, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes managing to survive or get by with difficulty.

Meaning:
Managing to survive or get by with difficulty.

Usage:

1. They scraped by on a tight budget.
2. She managed to scrape by with her part-time job.
3. He was just scraping by until he found a better opportunity.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Get by," "Make ends meet," "Survive"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to barely manage or survive, often in challenging circumstances. "Scrape" here refers metaphorically to the effort of managing with minimal resources, not to the literal act of scraping, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes using the least desirable or last available options.

Meaning:
Using the least desirable or last available options.

Usage:

1. They scraped the bottom of the barrel for team members.
2. She felt they were scraping the bottom of the barrel with their choices.
3. He didn't want to scrape the bottom of the barrel for resources.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Last resort," "Least desirable," "Bottom choice"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to using the last remaining or least desirable options or resources. "Bottom of the barrel" is a metaphor for the lowest quality or value, not referring to the actual bottom of a barrel, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being confused or puzzled.

Meaning:
Being confused or puzzled.

Usage:

1. He scratched his head at the difficult question.
2. She was scratching her head over the confusing instructions.
3. They scratched their heads, unable to figure out the solution.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Confused," "Puzzled," "Perplexed"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be puzzled or confused about something. The idiom uses "scratch" metaphorically to describe the action of trying to understand something difficult, not referring to the literal act of scratching one’s head, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes examining or dealing with only the most apparent or superficial aspects of something.

Meaning:
Examining or dealing with only the most apparent or superficial aspects of something.

Usage:

1. They only scratched the surface of the problem.
2. She realized she was just scratching the surface of the issue.
3. He wanted to dig deeper rather than just scratch the surface.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Superficial," "Shallow," "Surface level"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to only deal with the superficial aspects of a problem or situation without addressing its deeper elements. "Scratch" metaphorically implies a small, shallow effort, not the literal act of scratching, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of screaming or protesting loudly and vehemently. It comes from the image of someone screaming loudly as if witnessing a murder.

Meaning:
To scream or protest loudly and vehemently.

Usage:

1. She screamed blue murder when she saw the spider.
2. He screamed blue murder about the unfair treatment.
3. They screamed blue murder when the decision was announced.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Shout loudly," "Protest vehemently," "Yell."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to scream or protest loudly, often over something that may not be as significant as the reaction suggests. The "blue murder" here is a metaphorical phrase, with "blue" possibly symbolizing intensity, but it doesn't have a literal meaning connected to the words themselves, making it non-literal and figurative.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, originating from the military, symbolizing the act of making a big mistake or blunder. It comes from a euphemistic phrase implying a major error.

Meaning:
To make a big mistake or blunder.

Usage:

1. He screwed the pooch on the project deadline.
2. She knew she screwed the pooch by missing the meeting.
3. They didn't want to screw the pooch during the presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Mess up," "Blunder," "Make a big mistake."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to making a significant mistake or messing something up, often in an embarrassing or regrettable way. The idiom is metaphorical and cannot be understood literally, as it uses "pooch" in a figurative way to emphasize a mishap or failure, making it an idiomatic expression.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being very economical and saving money.

Meaning:
Being very economical and saving money.

Usage:

1. They had to scrimp and save to afford the vacation.
2. She scrimped and saved for years to buy a house.
3. He learned to scrimp and save during tough times.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Economize," "Save money," "Live frugally"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make an extreme effort to save money by being very frugal. "Scrimp" and "save" are used metaphorically to describe careful and minimal spending, not referring to literal scrimping, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 17th century and symbolizes a profound transformation.

Meaning:
A profound transformation.

Usage:

1. The company underwent a sea change with the new management.
2. She experienced a sea change in her perspective after traveling.
3. They noticed a sea change in the community after the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Transformation," "Metamorphosis," "Radical change"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a profound or significant transformation, often in social or cultural contexts. "Sea" is used metaphorically to describe a dramatic shift, not referring to an actual change in the sea, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of becoming accustomed to the motion of a ship at sea. It comes from the experience of sailors who needed time to adjust to the ship's movement.

Meaning:
To become accustomed to the motion of a ship at sea.

Usage:

1. He finally got his sea legs after a day on the boat.
2. She struggled to find her sea legs during the cruise.
3. They told him it would take time to get his sea legs.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Adjust to movement," "Adapt to conditions," "Get used to."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to the ability to maintain balance and comfort while at sea, especially after getting used to the movement of the ship. The idiom is not meant to be understood literally (i.e., legs made for the sea) but instead implies an adjustment period or becoming accustomed to a new or challenging environment. This non-literal meaning cannot be directly deduced from the individual words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of giving formal approval or endorsement. It comes from the practice of using a seal to signify official approval.

Meaning:
To give formal approval or endorsement.

Usage:

1. The project received the manager's seal of approval.
2. She gave her seal of approval to the new policy.
3. They needed the board's seal of approval before proceeding.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Endorsement," "Approval," "Sanction."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because the phrase figuratively represents official endorsement or confirmation of quality, authority, or legitimacy. A "seal" here symbolizes an authentic mark or authorization, but it doesn’t refer to an actual animal or object being stamped; instead, it conveys a metaphorical sense of approval.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. It comes from the image of the seamy side of fabric, which is the rough and unattractive side.

Meaning:
The unpleasant or sordid aspects of life.

Usage:

1. He exposed the seamy side of life in his documentary.
2. She wrote about the seamy side of life in the city.
3. They were shocked by the seamy side of life they discovered.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dark side," "Sordid aspects," "Unpleasant realities."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the unpleasant or morally questionable aspects of life, derived from "seam," which originally referred to the rough, unfinished parts of a garment. The figurative meaning is not tied to the literal meaning of a "seam" but instead conveys an emotional or societal underbelly, typically associated with the darker or less desirable parts of life.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being the second most important person in a group or organization. It comes from the vaudeville term where the "top banana" was the main comedian and the "second banana" was the sidekick.

Meaning:
The second most important person in a group or organization.

Usage:

1. He was happy to play the second banana to his boss.
2. She felt comfortable being the second banana on the team.
3. They relied on him as the second banana in the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Assistant," "Sidekick," "Deputy."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers figuratively to a person who is second in importance or rank to someone else, typically in a supportive role. The term “banana” here doesn't relate to the fruit itself but rather to its figurative use as a secondary or supporting role in a given context, which cannot be deduced from the individual words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing a skill or habit that has become so ingrained that it seems natural. It comes from the idea that something learned can become as natural as an innate ability.

Meaning:
A skill or habit that has become so ingrained that it seems natural.

Usage:

1. Driving has become second nature to her.
2. He practiced until the technique was second nature.
3. They wanted the routine to become second nature for everyone.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Innate ability," "Natural skill," "Automatic habit."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that has been learned or ingrained to the point of being automatic or instinctive, like a natural skill. The term "second" does not refer to a second object or entity, but rather symbolizes how a learned behavior becomes so familiar it is as though it’s an inherent quality. The meaning is figurative and cannot be deduced from the words alone.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being the best or unparalleled. It comes from the idea of being second to none, meaning no one is better.

Meaning:
The best or unparalleled.

Usage:

1. Her performance was second to none.
2. He is second to none in his field.
3. They delivered service that was second to none.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Unmatched," "Unparalleled," "Top-notch."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means something or someone is unparalleled, the best of its kind, with the "second" in the idiom not referring to a literal ranking but instead implying that there is nothing better. The non-literal comparison to being the "second" best is crucial to understanding its figurative meaning, and it cannot be deduced from the words alone.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a renewed burst of energy after fatigue.

Meaning:
A renewed burst of energy after fatigue.

Usage:

1. He got his second wind halfway through the marathon.
2. She found her second wind during the late-night study session.
3. They got their second wind after a brief break.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Renewed energy," "Boost," "Revitalization"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to gaining a burst of energy or strength after feeling exhausted, particularly during physical exertion. The idiom does not refer to a literal "wind" but instead uses the metaphor of an additional wind or breath to symbolize renewed vigor, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes agreeing or having the same perspective.

Meaning:
Agreeing or having the same perspective.

Usage:

1. They see eye to eye on most issues.
2. She struggled to see eye to eye with her boss.
3. He found it easy to see eye to eye with his partner.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Agree," "Concur," "Share the same view"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to agree with someone completely. The idiom uses "eye to eye" metaphorically to suggest perfect harmony in viewpoints, not referring to the literal alignment of eyes, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes becoming very angry.

Meaning:
Becoming very angry.

Usage:

1. He saw red when he heard the news.
2. She sees red whenever she thinks about the incident.
3. They made him see red with their unfair decision.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Get angry," "Blow a fuse," "Lose temper"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to become extremely angry or enraged. "Red" is used figuratively to represent intense anger, not referring to the literal color red, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of wanting proof that someone can pay before proceeding. It comes from the idea of seeing physical money as proof of financial capability.

Meaning:
To want proof that someone can pay before proceeding.

Usage:

1. He wanted to see the color of her money before making the deal.
2. She insisted on seeing the color of his money before agreeing.
3. They refused to proceed without seeing the color of his money.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Show me the money," "Proof of funds," "Financial verification."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to see actual proof of someone’s ability or commitment, often in terms of financial backing or willingness to pay. The idiom uses the "colour" of money as a metaphor for tangible proof, but it doesn't refer to the literal concept of seeing the color of currency; the meaning is non-literal and figurative.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of realizing one's mistakes. It comes from the idea of seeing and understanding the errors in one's actions or decisions.

Meaning:
To realize one's mistakes.

Usage:

1. He saw the error of his ways and apologized.
2. She hoped he would see the error of his ways and change.
3. They realized the error of their ways and made amends.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Admit mistakes," "Recognize faults," "Acknowledge errors."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to recognizing and understanding one’s past mistakes or wrongdoings, and the "ways" here refers metaphorically to behavior or actions. The meaning cannot be fully derived from the literal words, as "ways" and "error" are used in a figurative sense to represent behavior and realization of wrongs.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 17th century and symbolizes understanding or realizing something clearly.

Meaning:
Understanding or realizing something clearly.

Usage:

1. He finally saw the light about the situation.
2. She saw the light after the explanation.
3. They hoped he would see the light and change his ways.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Understand," "Realize," "Gain insight"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to suddenly understand something or to gain clarity about a situation. "Light" here symbolizes enlightenment or realization, not referring to literal light, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom appears to have a small error, possibly meaning "see things in the right light," which symbolizes the act of understanding something correctly or from the right perspective.

Meaning:
To understand something correctly or from the right perspective.

Usage:

1. He needed to see things in the right light to make a fair judgment.
2. She asked them to see things in the right light before deciding.
3. They finally saw things in the right light and understood the situation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Understand correctly," "Perceive accurately," "See clearly."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to understand or interpret something correctly, often with clarity or a more accurate perspective. The term "light" here is metaphorical, representing clarity or insight, rather than referring to an actual light source. The figurative meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of seeing things in light and implies accurate understanding.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of agreeing or having the same perspective. It comes from the idea of looking at something from the same viewpoint.

Meaning:
To agree or have the same perspective.

Usage:

1. They were seeing eye to eye on the new policy.
2. She was glad they were seeing eye to eye about the project.
3. He hoped they could see eye to eye on the issue.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Agree," "Be on the same page," "Share the same view."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to agree fully with someone, not just in a literal sense of seeing, but figuratively referring to complete understanding or harmony. The idiom's origin is rooted in the idea of two people seeing things from the same perspective, implying an ideal state of agreement. The figurative meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words alone.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of believing something only when it is seen with one's own eyes. It comes from the idea that seeing something firsthand is the most convincing proof.

Meaning:
To believe something only when it is seen with one's own eyes.

Usage:

1. She believed in seeing is believing and wanted proof.
2. He adopted a seeing is believing approach before making decisions.
3. They said seeing is believing and waited for evidence.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Proof is in the pudding," "Seeing firsthand," "Visual confirmation."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that only physical evidence or direct observation can convince someone of something, often implying that faith or trust alone is insufficient. The idiom emphasizes perception over belief, using "seeing" metaphorically to mean trust or conviction. Its figurative meaning can't be deduced directly from the words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of becoming very angry. It comes from the idea of anger causing a person to see red.

Meaning:
To become very angry.

Usage:

1. He was seeing red when he heard the news.
2. She tried to calm down before she started seeing red.
3. They were seeing red after the unfair treatment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Furious," "Enraged," "Infuriated."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to becoming extremely angry or enraged, not just the literal act of seeing the color red. The idiom likely originated from the association of the color red with intense emotions like anger, and this connection has evolved into a figurative expression. The meaning cannot be understood by the words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of making the most of the present moment. It comes from the Latin phrase "carpe diem."

Meaning:
To make the most of the present moment.

Usage:

1. She decided to seize the day and take a spontaneous trip.
2. He told them to seize the day and pursue their dreams.
3. They seized the day and started their own business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Carpe diem," "Make the most of it," "Live for the moment."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it encourages making the most of the present moment and taking action without worrying about the future, implying a metaphorical sense of “grabbing” opportunities. While "seize" and "day" are literal words, their combined meaning goes beyond the immediate interpretation, urging proactive action, which qualifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being able to sell something to someone who has no need for it. It comes from the idea of selling ice to people living in icy conditions.

Meaning:
To be able to sell something to someone who has no need for it.

Usage:

1. He could sell ice to Eskimos with his persuasive skills.
2. She joked that she could sell ice to Eskimos with her charm.
3. They said he had the ability to sell ice to Eskimos.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Convince anyone," "Persuasive," "Sell anything."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the ability to sell something to someone who doesn't need it, showing a remarkable level of persuasion or salesmanship. The idiom is metaphorical, as it would be nearly impossible to sell ice to Eskimos in a literal sense, and the meaning cannot be derived directly from the individual words. It’s used to describe someone who is highly skilled in convincing others.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes selling very quickly and in large quantities.

Meaning:
Selling very quickly and in large quantities.

Usage:

1. The new product sold like hotcakes.
2. Her handmade crafts sell like hotcakes at the market.
3. They expected the tickets to sell like hotcakes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Sell quickly," "Be in high demand," "Fly off the shelves"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to sell very quickly and in large quantities. "Hotcakes" is used metaphorically to imply something that is in high demand, not referring to actual hotcakes, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes selling all of a product or compromising one's principles for personal gain.

Meaning:
Selling all of a product or compromising one's principles for personal gain.

Usage:

1. The concert tickets sold out in minutes.
2. She refused to sell out her values for money.
3. They sold out their inventory by the end of the day.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Sell completely," "Compromise," "Sell all"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to compromising one’s values for personal gain, often in the context of fame or money. The idiom uses "sell" metaphorically, not in the literal sense of selling goods, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of betraying someone. It comes from the practice of selling slaves "down the river" in the American South, leading to worse conditions.

Meaning:
To betray someone.

Usage:

1. He felt like his friend sold him down the river.
2. She was shocked that they sold her down the river.
3. They accused him of selling them down the river.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Betray," "Double-cross," "Backstab."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to betray or abandon someone, often for personal gain. The idiom's origin comes from the practice of selling enslaved people down the Mississippi River to harsher conditions, making its figurative meaning about betrayal. The literal action of selling someone down a river doesn’t explain the figurative meaning, which qualifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of compromising one's values or integrity for personal gain. It comes from the idea of making a deal with the devil.

Meaning:
To compromise one's values or integrity for personal gain.

Usage:

1. He felt like he had to sell his soul for the promotion.
2. She warned him not to sell his soul for money.
3. They accused him of selling his soul to get ahead.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Compromise integrity," "Betray principles," "Sell out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to compromise one’s morals or values, usually for personal gain, which is a figurative usage of "selling" one's soul. The idiom is often used in reference to making a deal with the metaphorical devil, symbolizing the loss of one's integrity. The meaning cannot be deduced from the words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of causing someone to feel fear or excitement. It comes from the physical reaction of shivering in response to strong emotions.

Meaning:
To cause someone to feel fear or excitement.

Usage:

1. The ghost story sent a shiver down her spine.
2. He felt a shiver down his spine when he heard the news.
3. The eerie music sent a shiver down their spines.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Frighten," "Excite," "Give chills."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to causing someone to feel a strong emotion, typically fear or excitement, resulting in a physical reaction like chills. The idiom is metaphorical; it describes a psychological or emotional reaction rather than a literal one. The connection between the spine and emotional responses makes it an idiom that can’t be deduced from the words themselves.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 16th century, symbolizing the act of dismissing someone abruptly. It comes from the idea of sending someone away with their belongings packed.

Meaning:
To dismiss someone abruptly.

Usage:

1. He was sent packing after the confrontation.
2. She sent the salesperson packing with a firm refusal.
3. They decided to send him packing after the mistake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dismiss," "Expel," "Send away."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to force someone to leave or dismiss them, often abruptly or without ceremony. The idiom "packing" refers metaphorically to someone gathering their belongings and leaving, not necessarily the literal action of packing items.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of distinguishing between good and bad, or worthy and unworthy. It comes from the Biblical reference in Matthew 25:32, where sheep and goats are separated based on their nature.

Meaning:
To distinguish between good and bad, or worthy and unworthy.

Usage:

1. They needed to separate the sheep from the goats during the hiring process.
2. She wanted to separate the sheep from the goats in the competition.
3. He tried to separate the sheep from the goats in the team's performance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Filter the best," "Sort the worthy," "Distinguish quality."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it originates from a biblical reference, where the sheep and goats symbolize the division between the good and the bad, or the competent and the incompetent. It does not refer to literal animals but is used figuratively to describe distinguishing between different qualities or characteristics of people.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes distinguishing valuable from worthless parts.

Meaning:
Distinguishing valuable from worthless parts.

Usage:

1. The teacher helped separate the wheat from the chaff in the project.
2. He needed to separate the wheat from the chaff in his research.
3. They worked to separate the wheat from the chaff in the data.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Distinguish valuable from worthless," "Filter," "Sift"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to distinguish between what is valuable and what is worthless. The idiom uses "wheat" and "chaff" metaphorically, where "wheat" represents value and "chaff" represents uselessness, not referring to literal wheat, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something that is unchangeable or fixed.

Meaning:
Something that is unchangeable or fixed.

Usage:

1. The rules are set in stone and cannot be changed.
2. She felt her decision was set in stone.
3. They wanted to make sure the contract terms were set in stone.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Unchangeable," "Fixed," "Permanent"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something that is permanent or unchangeable. "Stone" is used metaphorically to represent something solid and unalterable, not referring to actual stone, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of achieving something remarkable or extraordinary. It comes from the idea of setting the River Thames on fire, which would be an impressive feat.

Meaning:
To achieve something remarkable or extraordinary.

Usage:

1. He didn't expect to set the Thames on fire with his performance.
2. She joked that she wasn't trying to set the Thames on fire with her cooking.
3. They aimed to set the Thames on fire with their innovative ideas.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Achieve greatness," "Do something amazing," "Stand out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to do something extremely remarkable or attention-grabbing, although often used ironically. The idiom does not literally refer to setting the Thames River on fire, but rather refers to an exaggerated, figurative sense of achievement or action that grabs attention.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of achieving great success or making a significant impact. It comes from the idea of causing a worldwide sensation.

Meaning:
To achieve great success or make a significant impact.

Usage:

1. She set the world on fire with her groundbreaking research.
2. He hopes to set the world on fire with his new invention.
3. They set the world on fire with their powerful performance.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Achieve fame," "Make a big impact," "Become a sensation."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to making an extraordinary impact or gaining wide attention, often used to describe grand success or fame. The idiom does not literally mean setting the world on fire but uses the dramatic imagery of fire to symbolize an outstanding achievement.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes resolving a conflict or getting revenge.

Meaning:
Resolving a conflict or getting revenge.

Usage:

1. He wanted to settle a score with his rival.
2. She aimed to settle a score from the past.
3. They settled a score with their competitor.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Resolve a conflict," "Get revenge," "Even the score"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to resolving a conflict or seeking revenge for a wrong done. The idiom uses "score" metaphorically to represent an unresolved grievance, not referring to an actual score, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes hurrying up or moving quickly.

Meaning:
Hurrying up or moving quickly.

Usage:

1. She told him to shake a leg and get ready.
2. He needed to shake a leg to catch the bus.
3. They were told to shake a leg and finish the task.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hurry up," "Move quickly," "Speed up"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to hurry up or to move quickly. "Shake a leg" is figurative, using "leg" to represent action or movement, not referring to the literal leg, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of trembling with fear or nervousness. It comes from the image of a leaf shaking in the wind.

Meaning:
To tremble with fear or nervousness.

Usage:

1. He was shaking like a leaf before his speech.
2. She shook like a leaf during the scary movie.
3. They were shaking like leaves when they heard the thunder.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Tremble," "Shiver," "Quake."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a person who is trembling, usually from fear or nervousness. The "leaf" here symbolizes the image of something fragile and shaking, but the meaning is not directly linked to a literal leaf shaking in the wind, making it a figurative expression of fear or nervousness.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes making significant changes to improve a situation.

Meaning:
Making significant changes to improve a situation.

Usage:

1. The new manager plans to shake things up in the office.
2. She wanted to shake things up with her innovative ideas.
3. They decided to shake things up to boost morale.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Make changes," "Revamp," "Transform"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause a significant change or disturbance, often to improve a situation or create excitement. The idiom uses "shake" metaphorically to imply disruption, not referring to literal shaking, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the future development or trend of a situation. It comes from the idea of predicting or indicating future events.

Meaning:
The future development or trend of a situation.

Usage:

1. The new technology is the shape of things to come.
2. He believed the trend was the shape of things to come.
3. They discussed the shape of things to come in the industry.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Future trend," "What lies ahead," "Indication of future."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to something that predicts or foreshadows future events or developments. The term "shape" is not referring to a physical form but is used symbolically to represent an indication or sign of what is yet to happen. The figurative meaning is distinct from the literal interpretation of "shape," which makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes improving one's behavior or performance or leaving.

Meaning:
Improving one's behavior or performance or leaving.

Usage:

1. The manager told the employees to shape up or ship out.
2. She was given an ultimatum to shape up or ship out.
3. They knew they had to shape up or ship out to keep their positions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Improve or leave," "Get better or go," "Step up or step out"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to improve one’s behavior or performance, or face dismissal. The idiom uses "shape up" metaphorically to imply improvement and "ship out" to signify departure, not referring to literal actions, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being very intelligent or quick-witted.

Meaning:
Being very intelligent or quick-witted.

Usage:

1. He is sharp as a razor when it comes to solving problems.
2. She has a mind sharp as a razor.
3. They admired his sharp as a razor intellect.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Intelligent," "Quick-witted," "Clever"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes someone who is very quick-witted or intelligent. "Razor" is used metaphorically to imply sharpness of mind, not referring to the literal sharpness of a razor, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being very intelligent or quick-witted.

Meaning:
Being very intelligent or quick-witted.

Usage:

1. She is sharp as a tack and always has the answers.
2. He proved to be sharp as a tack during the interview.
3. They relied on her sharp as a tack insight.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Intelligent," "Quick-witted," "Clever"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be very intelligent or quick-thinking. "Tack" is used metaphorically to represent sharpness or precision in thought, not referring to an actual tack, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing a clever and quick-witted person. It comes from the idea of being "sharp" in terms of intelligence and perception.

Meaning:
A clever and quick-witted person.

Usage:

1. She is a sharp cookie and always finds a solution.
2. He proved to be a sharp cookie in the negotiations.
3. They knew she was a sharp cookie in handling challenges.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Clever," "Quick-witted," "Smart."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who is clever, astute, or quick-witted. The term "sharp" in this context doesn't refer to physical sharpness but to mental agility or intelligence, and "cookie" is used to represent a person. The figurative use of "sharp" separates this phrase from the literal meaning of being a sharp object, classifying it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing dishonest or unethical behavior, especially in business or legal matters. It comes from the idea of being "sharp" in a cunning or deceitful way.

Meaning:
Dishonest or unethical behavior, especially in business or legal matters.

Usage:

1. They were accused of sharp practice in their dealings.
2. She condemned the sharp practice of some competitors.
3. He was wary of sharp practice in the industry.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dishonesty," "Unethical behavior," "Deceit."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to unethical or underhanded actions, especially in a professional context. While "sharp" can refer to precision or skill, in this case, it suggests trickery or deceit, and "practice" refers to a method or technique. The meaning of being dishonest or unethical is not directly deducible from the words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a deceptive or fraudulent scheme. It comes from the street con game involving shells and a hidden object.

Meaning:
A deceptive or fraudulent scheme.

Usage:

1. He realized the offer was a shell game.
2. She warned them about the shell game tactics.
3. They avoided the shell game presented by the scammer.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Deception," "Fraud," "Scam."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a deceptive trick or scam, often used to describe fraudulent activities, particularly when the truth is hidden or concealed. "Shell" refers to the objects used in the trick, and "game" refers to the deceptive practice. The meaning is figurative because it goes beyond the literal idea of playing with shells, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of being extremely surprised or shocked. It comes from the idea of being so startled that one could produce a brick.

Meaning:
To be extremely surprised or shocked.

Usage:

1. He nearly shit a brick when he saw the surprise party.
2. She said she would shit a brick if she won the lottery.
3. They shit a brick when they heard the unexpected news.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be shocked," "Be stunned," "Be astonished."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes a reaction of extreme shock, fear, or surprise. The idiom "shit a brick" is not to be taken literally; rather, it uses the imagery of a crude, exaggerated reaction to emphasize a powerful emotional response. The connection to the literal meaning of producing feces is not the intended message, making this an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes aiming for high or ambitious goals.

Meaning:
Aiming for high or ambitious goals.

Usage:

1. He encouraged his team to shoot for the stars with their project.
2. She decided to shoot for the stars in her career.
3. They always tell their children to shoot for the stars.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Aim high," "Aspire," "Set lofty goals"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to aim for a very ambitious goal. "Stars" is used metaphorically to symbolize high aspirations or dreams, not referring to actual stars, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of speaking or acting impulsively without careful consideration. It comes from the idea of shooting a gun quickly from the hip.

Meaning:
To speak or act impulsively without careful consideration.

Usage:

1. He tends to shoot from the hip in meetings.
2. She told him not to shoot from the hip with his comments.
3. They admired his ability to shoot from the hip but knew it could be risky.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be impulsive," "Act spontaneously," "Speak without thinking."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to act impulsively or speak without careful thought or consideration, much like firing a gun without aiming. While the idiom references the literal action of shooting from the hip, the figurative meaning relates to the lack of deliberation or preparation, which cannot be directly inferred from the literal words. The figurative use is central, as it doesn't refer to actual shooting but rather to spontaneous or reckless behavior.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of speaking recklessly or without thinking. It comes from the idea of "shooting off" words like bullets from a gun.

Meaning:
To speak recklessly or without thinking.

Usage:

1. He tends to shoot off his mouth and say things he regrets.
2. She shot off her mouth during the meeting and caused a stir.
3. They warned him not to shoot off his mouth in front of the boss.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Blurt out," "Speak impulsively," "Rant."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to speak in a careless or overly confident manner, often saying things that should have been kept quiet or private. The idiom uses the metaphor of "shooting" to emphasize the rapid, uncontrolled nature of the speech. It doesn't literally mean to shoot but figuratively refers to the act of speaking thoughtlessly, which cannot be deduced just from the individual words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes engaging in casual conversation.

Meaning:
Engaging in casual conversation.

Usage:

1. They enjoyed shooting the breeze during their lunch break.
2. He called just to shoot the breeze and catch up.
3. She likes to shoot the breeze with her neighbors.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Chat," "Talk casually," "Converse informally"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to engage in casual or idle conversation. "Breeze" is used metaphorically to represent something light and easy-going, not referring to an actual breeze, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of doing something that inadvertently harms one's own interests. It comes from the image of accidentally shooting oneself in the foot.

Meaning:
To do something that inadvertently harms one's own interests.

Usage:

1. He shot himself in the foot by criticizing his manager.
2. She knew she had shot herself in the foot by missing the deadline.
3. They shot themselves in the foot by overpromising and underdelivering.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Self-sabotage," "Undermine oneself," "Backfire."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it conveys the same meaning as "shoot oneself in the foot," which refers to unintentionally damaging one's own position or situation through foolish or ill-considered actions. Like the previous one, this idiom uses "shoot" to emphasize the self-harm caused by reckless behavior. Its figurative meaning is not directly tied to the literal meaning of "shoot" and "foot."

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes receiving the unfair or less favorable outcome.

Meaning:
Receiving the unfair or less favorable outcome.

Usage:

1. He felt he got the short end of the stick in the deal.
2. She always seems to get the short end of the stick.
3. They ended up with the short end of the stick in the negotiation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Unfair deal," "Less favorable outcome," "Bad end"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to receive the worst or least favorable outcome. The "stick" here does not refer to a literal stick but instead is a metaphor for a situation where one gets an unfair or unfavorable result, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of having a quick temper. It comes from the image of a fuse that burns quickly, leading to an explosion.

Meaning:
To have a quick temper.

Usage:

1. He has a short fuse and gets angry easily.
2. She warned them about his short fuse during stressful times.
3. They knew he had a short fuse and tried not to provoke him.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Quick-tempered," "Easily angered," "Irritable."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who has a quick temper and can easily become angry or upset. The "fuse" metaphorically refers to the time it takes before an explosion occurs, and the idiomatic meaning is rooted in someone’s inability to control their emotions. This meaning cannot be deduced directly from the words "short" and "fuse," as it refers figuratively to emotional responses, not an actual fuse.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of giving little consideration or attention. It originally referred to the brief time allowed to condemned prisoners to make their confession before execution.

Meaning:
To give little consideration or attention.

Usage:

1. The manager gave the proposal short shrift.
2. She felt her concerns were given short shrift.
3. They didn't want to give the issue short shrift.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dismiss," "Neglect," "Overlook."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to give someone little or no attention, often in an unfair or dismissive manner. The idiom originates from the historical use of "shrift" (meaning confession or absolution in Christian tradition), where a "short shrift" referred to minimal time or attention given to someone during a confession. The figurative meaning of being dismissed or ignored is not immediately clear from the words "short" and "shrift," making it an idiomatic expression.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing a warning signal. It comes from the naval practice of firing a shot across another ship's bow as a warning.

Meaning:
A warning signal.

Usage:

1. The memo was a shot across the bow for the team.
2. She issued a shot across the bow to her competitors.
3. They took the feedback as a shot across the bow.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Warning," "Alert," "Caution."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a warning or a signal intended to alert someone of potential consequences or trouble, not a literal shot fired at the bow of a ship. The "shot" and "bow" are metaphorical elements, symbolizing an early warning or threat, which cannot be deduced from the individual words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes a boost or encouragement.

Meaning:
A boost or encouragement.

Usage:

1. The new project was a shot in the arm for the team.
2. She needed a shot in the arm to stay motivated.
3. They saw the investment as a shot in the arm for the company.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Boost," "Encouragement," "Inspiration"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that gives a sudden boost or improvement, often in a situation that needs revitalization. "Shot" is used metaphorically, not literally referring to a medical shot, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes a guess or attempt with little chance of success.

Meaning:
A guess or attempt with little chance of success.

Usage:

1. His answer was just a shot in the dark.
2. She took a shot in the dark and applied for the job.
3. They made a shot in the dark decision without much information.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Guess," "Speculation," "Attempt"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means an attempt that is made with little chance of success or no clear knowledge of the outcome. "Dark" here represents uncertainty, not literal darkness, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of teaching someone how to do a job or task. It comes from the maritime practice of teaching new sailors how to handle ropes.

Meaning:
To teach someone how to do a job or task.

Usage:

1. She showed the new employee the ropes on the first day.
2. He appreciated her willingness to show him the ropes.
3. They asked for someone to show them the ropes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Teach," "Instruct," "Guide."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to teach or instruct someone, particularly in the basics of a job or task. The literal interpretation of "ropes" here doesn't explain the figurative concept of guiding someone in a new role, making it an idiom. The "ropes" symbolize knowledge or experience in a particular task.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 18th century, symbolizing the act of revealing one's true character or intentions. It comes from the practice of warships displaying their true national flags before engaging in battle, thus showing their "true colors."

Meaning:
To reveal one's true character or intentions.

Usage:

1. She finally showed her true colors during the crisis.
2. He showed his true colors by how he handled the difficult situation.
3. They revealed their true colors when they were faced with adversity.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Reveal true self," "Show real intentions," "Unmask."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to reveal someone's real nature or intentions, particularly when those are different from what was previously portrayed. The expression originates from the idea that a ship would "show its true colors" by raising its real flag, revealing its allegiance, rather than a false one. The figurative use of "true colors" cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of "colors" or "show," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of revealing one's intentions or plans. It comes from the practice in card games where players show their cards to reveal their hand.

Meaning:
To reveal one's intentions or plans.

Usage:

1. She decided to show her cards during the negotiation.
2. He was careful not to show his cards too early.
3. They waited until the right moment to show their cards.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Reveal intentions," "Disclose plans," "Show hand."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to revealing one's plans, intentions, or secrets, typically in a strategic or competitive context. The idiom derives from card games where showing one's cards reveals their strategy. The figurative meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, primarily in sports, symbolizing the act of being dismissed or penalized. It comes from the practice in soccer where a red card indicates a serious offense and ejection from the game.

Meaning:
To be dismissed or penalized.

Usage:

1. He was shown the red card for his misconduct.
2. She felt like she was shown the red card at work.
3. They were shown the red card after breaking the rules.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Eject," "Penalize," "Dismiss."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to be dismissed, reprimanded, or excluded from a situation, similar to how a player is ejected from a game for misconduct with a red card. While the red card originates from soccer, its figurative use in various situations makes it an idiom rather than a literal phrase.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a very shy or modest person. It comes from the image of a violet flower, which is small and delicate, symbolizing timidity.

Meaning:
A very shy or modest person.

Usage:

1. She was no shrinking violet when it came to speaking her mind.
2. He used to be a shrinking violet, but now he's more confident.
3. They encouraged the shrinking violet in their group to participate more.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Timid person," "Shy individual," "Modest."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is extremely shy, modest, or introverted, not a literal flower. The "violet" symbolizes a quiet and reserved nature, but the idiom cannot be understood based on the literal meaning of "shrinking" and "violet," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes stopping talking.

Meaning:
Stopping talking.

Usage:

1. She told him to shut his mouth during the argument.
2. He decided to shut his mouth and listen.
3. They advised her to shut her mouth to avoid trouble.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be quiet," "Stop talking," "Hold one's tongue"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stop talking or to remain silent, usually in a forceful manner. The idiom uses "mouth" metaphorically to refer to speech or conversation, not literally closing one's mouth, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of taking action too late to prevent something bad from happening. It comes from the idea of closing the stable door after the horse has already escaped.

Meaning:
To take action too late to prevent something bad from happening.

Usage:

1. They installed the security system, but it was like shutting the stable door after the horse has bolted.
2. He realized his apology was like shutting the stable door after the horse had bolted.
3. She fixed the problem, but it felt like shutting the stable door after the horse had bolted.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Too little, too late," "After the fact," "Missed the boat."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take action too late, after the damage has already been done. The idiom originates from the idea of trying to secure a stable after the horse has already escaped, symbolizing futile or belated efforts. It cannot be understood literally, as it refers to missed opportunities or ineffective actions, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 18th century, symbolizing the act of being very ill. It comes from the idea of dogs often being used in expressions of extreme conditions.

Meaning:
To be very ill.

Usage:

1. He was sick as a dog after eating the spoiled food.
2. She felt sick as a dog with the flu.
3. They were all sick as dogs during the outbreak.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Very ill," "Extremely sick," "Unwell."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to feel extremely ill, far beyond the literal sense of just being "sick." The idiom uses the image of a dog, which can evoke a sense of weakness or discomfort, but this does not relate to an actual dog’s sickness. Instead, it refers to a human’s severe illness in a non-literal sense.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of being very disappointed. It comes from the idea of parrots being used in expressions of vivid imagery.

Meaning:
To be very disappointed.

Usage:

1. He was sick as a parrot when he missed the winning goal.
2. She felt sick as a parrot after failing the exam.
3. They were sick as parrots about the canceled trip.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Very disappointed," "Heartbroken," "Gutted."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means feeling very disappointed or downhearted, and also used to express physical illness. The use of "parrot" is not literal, as parrots don't have a known association with being sick. The idiom conveys a sense of intense emotional or physical discomfort, which is understood figuratively.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 18th century, symbolizing something or someone that is very pleasant to see. It comes from the idea of a welcome sight providing relief or comfort to tired eyes.

Meaning:
Something or someone that is very pleasant to see.

Usage:

1. Her smile was a sight for sore eyes after a long day.
2. He considered the home-cooked meal a sight for sore eyes.
3. They were a sight for sore eyes when they reunited.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Welcome sight," "Pleasant view," "Delightful sight."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something or someone that is very pleasing or comforting to see, especially after a long absence or unpleasant experience. The "sore eyes" refer metaphorically to eyes that are tired or weary, and the sight provides relief. The figurative meaning of the phrase, not a literal sore eye, makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of doing something that will lead to one's downfall or failure. It comes from the idea of signing a warrant that would result in one's own death.

Meaning:
To do something that will lead to one's downfall or failure.

Usage:

1. He knew speaking out against the boss would be like signing his own death warrant.
2. She realized quitting her job without a backup plan was signing her own death warrant.
3. They warned him that neglecting the problem was signing his own death warrant.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Seal your fate," "Cause your own downfall," "Invite disaster."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to take an action that will ultimately lead to your own downfall or destruction. It suggests making a decision or taking steps that will result in severe consequences, much like signing a death warrant. The non-literal meaning of causing your own harm or trouble makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of completing all formalities of an agreement. It comes from the legal practice of signing, sealing, and delivering a document to make it official.

Meaning:
To complete all formalities of an agreement.

Usage:

1. The contract was signed, sealed and delivered.
2. She felt relieved once the deal was signed, sealed and delivered.
3. They celebrated after the agreement was signed, sealed and delivered.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Finalized," "Official," "Completed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something that has been officially finalized or completed, especially in reference to agreements, deals, or documents. The idiom uses the imagery of legal or formal processes (signing, sealing, and delivering documents) but has taken on a figurative meaning that signifies completion or finalization, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a simple and seemingly magical solution to a difficult problem. It comes from the folklore idea that a silver bullet is the only thing that can kill a werewolf.

Meaning:
A simple and seemingly magical solution to a difficult problem.

Usage:

1. There is no silver bullet for fixing the economy.
2. She was looking for a silver bullet to solve her problem quickly.
3. They realized that the new policy was not a silver bullet.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Magic solution," "Quick fix," "Easy answer."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a simple and seemingly magical solution to a difficult or complex problem, not a literal bullet made of silver. While "silver" and "bullet" are literal words, the idiom is metaphorical, meaning that the solution is particularly effective, almost as though it were a magic bullet. The meaning cannot be deduced directly from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a positive aspect of an otherwise negative situation.

Meaning:
A positive aspect of an otherwise negative situation.

Usage:

1. She found a silver lining in her job loss.
2. He always looks for the silver lining in difficult times.
3. They believed there was a silver lining in the setback.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Positive aspect," "Bright side," "Optimistic view"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the positive aspect of a negative situation, suggesting that something good can come out of a bad experience. "Silver" is metaphorical, representing something valuable amid adversity, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes being born into wealth or privilege.

Meaning:
Being born into wealth or privilege.

Usage:

1. He was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.
2. She always lived a life of luxury, thanks to her silver spoon upbringing.
3. They had everything handed to them on a silver spoon.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Privileged," "Wealthy," "Born into riches"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being born into wealth or privilege. "Silver spoon" is metaphorical, with "silver" symbolizing wealth, not referring to an actual spoon, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the late 20th century, symbolizing an older person who uses the Internet. It comes from the combination of "silver," referring to gray hair, and "surfer," referring to internet use.

Meaning:
An older person who uses the Internet.

Usage:

1. His grandmother became a silver surfer and joined social media.
2. She taught the senior citizens to become silver surfers.
3. They hosted a workshop to help silver surfers navigate the web.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Tech-savvy senior," "Elderly internet user," "Senior netizen."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an older person who is technologically savvy, particularly when it comes to the internet. The idiom is metaphorical, as "silver" typically refers to gray hair or age, and "surfer" symbolizes someone who navigates or engages with the internet. The figurative meaning cannot be derived directly from the words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of speaking in a persuasive and eloquent manner. It comes from the idea of having a "silver" tongue that can charm and convince others.

Meaning:
To speak in a persuasive and eloquent manner.

Usage:

1. He was known for his silver-tongued speeches.
2. She admired his silver-tongued way of negotiating.
3. They relied on their silver-tongued spokesperson to handle the media.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Eloquent," "Persuasive," "Charming."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes someone who is highly persuasive or eloquent in speech, usually to the point of being manipulative or deceitful. The literal meaning of "silver" and "tongue" doesn’t explain the figurative concept of persuasive speech, which makes it an idiom. The "silver" symbolizes value or smoothness, while the "tongue" refers to speech.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of calming down or becoming less agitated. It comes from the cooking term "simmer," which means to cook something gently.

Meaning:
To calm down or become less agitated.

Usage:

1. He needed to simmer down after the heated argument.
2. She told the kids to simmer down before bed.
3. They waited for the situation to simmer down before proceeding.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Calm down," "Relax," "Settle."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to calm down or reduce one’s emotional intensity, particularly anger or excitement. While "simmer" refers to cooking, the figurative meaning is not about food but about controlling emotions. The idiom's meaning cannot be directly understood from the words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of changing one's opinion or attitude. It comes from the idea of singing a different song or melody.

Meaning:
To change one's opinion or attitude.

Usage:

1. He began to sing a different tune after the new evidence came to light.
2. She sang a different tune once she understood the benefits.
3. They were singing a different tune after the successful project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Change one's mind," "Alter perspective," "Switch stance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to change one’s opinion or approach, often to one that is more agreeable or fitting to a situation. While "sing" and "tune" are literal words, the figurative meaning of shifting opinions or attitudes cannot be deduced from them directly, which classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes being left to succeed or fail on one's own without help.

Meaning:
Being left to succeed or fail on one's own without help.

Usage:

1. The new employees had to sink or swim in the fast-paced environment.
2. She felt it was a sink or swim situation in her new job.
3. They were told to sink or swim with the new responsibilities.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Thrive or fail," "Succeed or fail alone," "Stand on one's own"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a situation where one must either succeed or fail with no help. The idiom uses "sink" and "swim" metaphorically to represent success or failure, not referring to literal swimming, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes becoming fully engaged or involved in something.

Meaning:
Becoming fully engaged or involved in something.

Usage:

1. She couldn't wait to sink her teeth into the new project.
2. He likes to sink his teeth into a challenging task.
3. They sank their teeth into the exciting opportunity.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Get involved," "Engage fully," "Dive into"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to become deeply involved in something, especially with enthusiasm or focus. "Teeth" here are used metaphorically to represent effort and commitment, not referring to literal teeth, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of resolving disagreements and finding common ground. It comes from the idea of submerging or putting aside differences.

Meaning:
To resolve disagreements and find common ground.

Usage:

1. They decided to sink their differences for the sake of the project.
2. She hoped they could sink their differences and work together.
3. He encouraged them to sink their differences and focus on the goal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Resolve conflicts," "Make peace," "Find common ground."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to resolve or set aside disagreements in order to move forward in harmony. While "sink" could imply a literal action, the figurative meaning refers to the metaphorical idea of letting go of conflicts. The figurative interpretation cannot be directly derived from the words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of taking or transferring something, often illegally or secretly. It comes from the image of using a siphon to draw off liquid.

Meaning:
To take or transfer something, often illegally or secretly.

Usage:

1. They discovered he had been siphoning funds off the company account.
2. She was accused of siphoning off confidential information.
3. He tried to siphon off some of the supplies for personal use.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Divert," "Embezzle," "Misappropriate."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to diverting or taking something, especially money, secretly or unfairly. "Siphon" refers to the process of drawing liquid, but in this context, it figuratively means taking something in a covert way. The meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being undecided or not taking sides in a dispute. It comes from the idea of sitting on a fence, avoiding commitment to either side.

Meaning:
To be undecided or not take sides in a dispute.

Usage:

1. He tends to sit on the fence when it comes to controversial issues.
2. She decided not to sit on the fence and voiced her opinion.
3. They were criticized for sitting on the fence during the debate.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be undecided," "Avoid commitment," "Stay neutral."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to remain neutral or avoid taking sides in a situation, especially in a debate or conflict. The idiom doesn't literally suggest sitting on an actual fence but uses the metaphor of being perched on a dividing point to convey indecision or non-commitment.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes someone or something vulnerable to attack or harm.

Meaning:
Someone or something vulnerable to attack or harm.

Usage:

1. The car was a sitting duck in the open parking lot.
2. She felt like a sitting duck during the negotiations.
3. They were sitting ducks without a backup plan.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Easy target," "Vulnerable," "Exposed"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is vulnerable or an easy target. "Duck" here is used metaphorically to represent a helpless or exposed person, not a literal duck, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes being in a favorable or advantageous position.

Meaning:
Being in a favorable or advantageous position.

Usage:

1. She was sitting pretty with her new promotion.
2. He found himself sitting pretty after the investment paid off.
3. They were sitting pretty with their successful business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Advantageous position," "Favorable situation," "Well-off"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be in a good or comfortable situation. "Pretty" here refers to an ideal or fortunate condition, not referring to literal beauty, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being dead and buried.

Meaning:
Being dead and buried.

Usage:

1. He joked that he would be six feet under if he didn't follow the rules.
2. She feared ending up six feet under after the dangerous mission.
3. They referenced being six feet under in the context of mortality.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dead," "Deceased," "Buried"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be dead and buried. The idiom uses "six feet" metaphorically to refer to burial depth, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes two things being essentially the same.

Meaning:
Two things being essentially the same.

Usage:

1. Whether we leave now or later, it's six of one, half a dozen of the other.
2. She felt the choices were six of one, half a dozen of the other.
3. They realized it was six of one, half a dozen of the other in terms of cost.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Same difference," "Equivalent," "No significant difference"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that two options or situations are essentially the same or equally valid. "Six" and "half a dozen" are used metaphorically to express equivalence, not referring to literal counting, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes taking a risk or being in a dangerous situation.

Meaning:
Taking a risk or being in a dangerous situation.

Usage:

1. He knew he was skating on thin ice with his risky behavior.
2. She felt she was skating on thin ice by questioning her boss.
3. They warned him that he was skating on thin ice with his remarks.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Taking a risk," "In danger," "Precarious situation"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take a risky or dangerous action that could lead to trouble. "Thin ice" is metaphorical, representing a fragile or unstable situation, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a hidden and potentially embarrassing secret.

Meaning:
A hidden and potentially embarrassing secret.

Usage:

1. She feared her skeletons in the closet would be revealed.
2. He had a skeleton in the closet that he didn't want anyone to know about.
3. They discovered a skeleton in the closet that could damage their reputation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hidden secret," "Embarrassing secret," "Closeted issue"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a hidden secret or past mistake that one is trying to keep concealed. The "skeleton" is metaphorical, not referring to a literal skeleton, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes narrowly escaping or avoiding something.

Meaning:
Narrowly escaping or avoiding something.

Usage:

1. He passed the exam by the skin of his teeth.
2. She escaped the accident by the skin of her teeth.
3. They completed the project by the skin of their teeth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Just barely," "Narrowly," "By a hair's breadth"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to barely manage to avoid something or narrowly escape a situation. "Skin" is used metaphorically to represent a very small margin or near miss, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of severely punishing or scolding someone. It comes from the idea of flaying someone as a form of extreme punishment.

Meaning:
To severely punish or scold someone.

Usage:

1. He knew his boss would skin him alive for the mistake.
2. She felt like her parents would skin her alive if they found out.
3. They joked that the coach would skin them alive for losing the game.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Punish severely," "Scold harshly," "Reprimand."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to severely criticize or punish someone, not literally skinning them. The idiom uses the extreme imagery of "skinning" to convey a figurative sense of harsh treatment or verbal assault, making it an idiom with a non-literal, exaggerated meaning.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-20th century, originating from basketball, symbolizing a task or achievement that is easily accomplished. It comes from the act of forcefully scoring by slamming the ball into the basket.

Meaning:
A task or achievement that is easily accomplished.

Usage:

1. The presentation was a slam dunk.
2. She knew the job interview would be a slam dunk.
3. They considered the proposal a slam dunk for approval.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Easy win," "Sure thing," "Guaranteed success."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that is accomplished with ease or certainty, often in the context of winning or achieving something effortlessly. While "slam dunk" is derived from a basketball move, its figurative usage to describe success or an easy victory cannot be understood literally, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a mild or lenient punishment. It comes from the idea of a gentle slap on the wrist being a minimal form of discipline.

Meaning:
A mild or lenient punishment.

Usage:

1. He received a slap on the wrist for the mistake.
2. She thought the fine was just a slap on the wrist.
3. They argued that the punishment was merely a slap on the wrist.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Light punishment," "Lenient discipline," "Gentle reprimand."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to a light or mild punishment or reprimand, not a literal slap. The idiom evokes the image of a minor physical reprimand, but the meaning is used to describe a lenient or insufficient consequence, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing a deep and restful sleep. It comes from the idea of a baby sleeping peacefully and soundly.

Meaning:
To sleep deeply and restfully.

Usage:

1. She slept like a baby after the long day.
2. He wanted to sleep like a baby after the exhausting workout.
3. They slept like babies in the comfortable hotel room.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Sleep soundly," "Rest well," "Deep sleep."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to sleep very soundly or deeply, often with no disturbance. The figurative use of "baby" here refers to a peaceful, undisturbed sleep, though the idiom does not directly link to an actual baby, whose sleep may not always be sound. This metaphorical expression can't be interpreted literally.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a deep and undisturbed sleep. It comes from the idea of a log being immovable and unresponsive.

Meaning:
To sleep deeply and undisturbed.

Usage:

1. He slept like a log through the storm.
2. She always sleeps like a log after a long day at work.
3. They were so tired they slept like logs.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Sleep soundly," "Rest well," "Deep sleep."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to sleep deeply and without moving, much like the inert, motionless nature of a log. The "log" here symbolizes deep sleep, and the connection to the literal meaning is figurative, as logs don’t sleep, and people do.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes taking time to consider something before making a decision.

Meaning:
Taking time to consider something before making a decision.

Usage:

1. She decided to sleep on it before giving an answer.
2. He suggested they sleep on it and decide in the morning.
3. They always prefer to sleep on it when making big decisions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Consider," "Reflect," "Take time"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take time to think over a decision, often overnight. The idiom uses "sleep" metaphorically, as it implies contemplation rather than referring to the literal act of sleeping, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being killed and disposed of in a body of water. It comes from mafia slang and the idea of someone being thrown into the water after being murdered.

Meaning:
To be killed and disposed of in a body of water.

Usage:

1. He warned them they'd sleep with the fishes if they crossed him.
2. She shuddered at the thought of sleeping with the fishes.
3. They used the phrase "sleep with the fishes" in their thriller novel.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Killed and disposed of," "Murdered and hidden," "Disposed in water."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be dead, typically implying a violent death or disappearance. The idiom's figurative meaning cannot be understood from the literal interpretation of "sleeping" with "fishes," and it draws from metaphorical imagery to convey finality, often associated with mafia or criminal lingo.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of making malicious or slanderous accusations. It comes from the image of throwing mud to tarnish someone's reputation.

Meaning:
To make malicious or slanderous accusations.

Usage:

1. He started to sling mud during the political debate.
2. She refused to sling mud at her competitors.
3. They were involved in a campaign of slinging mud at each other.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Defame," "Slander," "Smear."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make false or damaging statements about someone, often to ruin their reputation. The idiom "sling mud" draws on the image of throwing mud to smear someone or something, and its meaning of discrediting or insulting someone cannot be deduced directly from the literal words. The figurative meaning goes beyond the individual words, relying on a symbolic idea of harm or damage being done through accusations or gossip.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of accidentally saying something incorrect or unintended. It comes from the idea of words slipping out unintentionally.

Meaning:
To accidentally say something incorrect or unintended.

Usage:

1. He made a slip of the tongue and revealed the surprise.
2. She apologized for her slip of the tongue during the speech.
3. They laughed at his slip of the tongue, understanding it was unintentional.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Verbal mistake," "Blunder," "Misstatement."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a mistake or error made while speaking, typically involving the wrong word or miscommunication. The idiom uses "slip" to indicate a small, unintended error, and while "tongue" refers to speech, the figurative meaning of an accidental verbal mistake is not immediately clear from the literal words. It has a figurative meaning tied to mistakes in speech rather than the physical act of slipping.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of secretly drugging someone's drink. It comes from the slang term "Mickey Finn," referring to a drink laced with a sedative or intoxicant.

Meaning:
To secretly drug someone's drink.

Usage:

1. He was wary of strangers who might slip him a Mickey.
2. She warned her friends about the dangers of someone slipping them a Mickey.
3. They suspected that someone had slipped him a Mickey at the party.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Drug someone's drink," "Spike," "Lace."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to secretly drugging someone, often with the intent of incapacitating them. The term "Mickey" originates from "Mickey Finn," a drink laced with a sedative, and "slipping someone a Mickey" figuratively means surreptitiously drugging them. The meaning of the idiom is not directly linked to the words "slip" and "Mickey," making it a figurative expression based on historical usage.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing someone who is elusive, tricky, or difficult to catch. It comes from the image of an eel, which is known for its slippery, hard-to-hold nature.

Meaning:
Someone who is elusive, tricky, or difficult to catch.

Usage:

1. He was as slippery as an eel when it came to answering questions.
2. She found him to be as slippery as an eel in negotiations.
3. They described the suspect as slippery as an eel.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Elusive," "Tricky," "Deceptive."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that someone or something is difficult to catch, pin down, or understand, often because of evasion or unpredictability. The idiom's "slippery as an eel" uses the slippery quality of eels as a metaphor for elusiveness, and its figurative meaning of something or someone being hard to grasp or deal with is not deducible from the individual words. The comparison to an eel creates a figurative picture that extends beyond the literal meaning.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a course of action that is likely to lead to a chain of negative events. It comes from the image of a slippery slope where once you start sliding, it's hard to stop.

Meaning:
A course of action that is likely to lead to a chain of negative events.

Usage:

1. He warned that ignoring the rules could be a slippery slope.
2. She saw their actions as the beginning of a slippery slope.
3. They debated whether the new policy was a slippery slope.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Downhill path," "Precarious situation," "Risky progression."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a situation where one small action or decision leads to increasingly negative or problematic outcomes. The "slippery slope" metaphor comes from the idea of sliding down a hill uncontrollably, but the figurative meaning refers to the dangers of escalating consequences, which can't be directly inferred from the literal words. The concept of a slippery slope is more symbolic of inevitable worsening.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes that consistent, measured progress leads to success.

Meaning:
Consistent, measured progress leads to success.

Usage:

1. He believes in the saying that slow and steady wins the race.
2. She reminded her team that slow and steady wins the race.
3. They took a slow and steady approach to the project, knowing it would win the race.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Consistent effort," "Steady progress," "Gradual success"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it conveys the idea that persistence and consistent effort lead to success, even if progress is slow. The idiom uses the "race" metaphorically to represent a goal or challenge, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes a gradual buildup of anger or intensity.

Meaning:
A gradual buildup of anger or intensity.

Usage:

1. His frustration was a slow burn throughout the meeting.
2. She felt a slow burn of anger as the situation unfolded.
3. They noticed the slow burn of tension in the room.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Gradual anger," "Building intensity," "Smoldering"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something that develops or intensifies gradually, often emotionally. The idiom uses "burn" metaphorically to represent a gradual process, not a literal fire, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing something that is very slow. It comes from the image of molasses, which is thick and flows slowly.

Meaning:
Very slow.

Usage:

1. The traffic was moving slower than molasses.
2. She complained that the service was slower than molasses.
3. They joked that his internet connection was slower than molasses.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Snail's pace," "Very sluggish," "Turtle speed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it is used to describe something or someone that is moving very slowly. The comparison to molasses, a thick syrup that flows slowly, emphasizes the slowness, and the figurative meaning goes beyond the literal comparison to molasses. While the words "molasses" and "slower" suggest slowness, the idiom specifically conveys the extreme or exaggerated nature of the slowness.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who is in over their head or facing challenges too big for them. It comes from the image of a small dog struggling to navigate through tall weeds.

Meaning:
To be in over one's head or facing challenges too big for oneself.

Usage:

1. He felt like a small dog in tall weeds in his new job.
2. She realized she was a small dog in tall weeds with the difficult project.
3. They were small dogs in tall weeds during the intense competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"In over one's head," "Out of one's depth," "Overwhelmed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is out of their depth or in a situation that is too difficult or complex for them. The imagery of a "small dog" in "tall weeds" suggests someone or something overwhelmed or unable to manage. The meaning here cannot be deduced from the individual words and depends on the figurative sense of being in a challenging situation.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes someone or something insignificant or unimportant.

Meaning:
Someone or something insignificant or unimportant.

Usage:

1. He considered the issue small fry compared to other problems.
2. She knew she was small fry in the large organization.
3. They thought the task was small fry and focused on bigger goals.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Insignificant," "Unimportant," "Trivial"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone or something of little importance or a minor player in a larger situation. "Fry" is metaphorical here, representing insignificance, not referring to literal fish, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes something that is trivial or unimportant.

Meaning:
Something that is trivial or unimportant.

Usage:

1. The cost of the supplies is small potatoes compared to the overall budget.
2. She considered the issue small potatoes in the grand scheme of things.
3. They thought the argument was just small potatoes and not worth worrying about.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Trivial," "Insignificant," "Minor issue"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to something insignificant or trivial. "Potatoes" are used metaphorically to represent something of little value or importance, not referring to actual potatoes, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of encountering someone you know in an unexpected place or discovering unexpected connections. It comes from the idea of the world feeling small due to such coincidences.

Meaning:
To encounter someone you know in an unexpected place or discover unexpected connections.

Usage:

1. She bumped into her old friend on vacation and said, "It's a small world."
2. He discovered a mutual friend at a new job and remarked, "Small world."
3. They realized they had a connection through a distant relative and said, "Small world."

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"What a coincidence," "World of connections," "Unexpected encounter."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes the phenomenon where a seemingly unlikely or coincidental encounter makes the world feel much smaller than it actually is. The literal meaning of "small" and "world" does not convey the figurative idea of interconnectedness and surprising coincidences, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing a person who is annoyingly clever or sarcastic. It comes from the name Alec, used to personify someone who thinks they are smarter than others.

Meaning:
A person who is annoyingly clever or sarcastic.

Usage:

1. He was acting like a smart alec during the meeting.
2. She told him to stop being a smart alec with his comments.
3. They laughed at the smart alec in their group.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Know-it-all," "Wise guy," "Sarcastic person."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is arrogantly clever or sarcastic, especially in a way that is annoying. The idiom does not relate to any literal "alec" who is "smart" in the traditional sense, making it a figurative expression used to describe a specific type of personality.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being very intelligent or clever.

Meaning:
Being very intelligent or clever.

Usage:

1. He is smart as a whip and always knows the answers.
2. She proved to be smart as a whip during the quiz.
3. They admired his smart as a whip insight.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Intelligent," "Clever," "Sharp-minded"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be very clever or quick-witted. "Whip" here is metaphorical, symbolizing sharpness or quickness, not referring to a literal whip, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing something that is extremely successful, especially in entertainment. It comes from the idea of something being a "hit" or a great success.

Meaning:
Something that is extremely successful, especially in entertainment.

Usage:

1. The movie was a smash hit at the box office.
2. Her new song became a smash hit overnight.
3. They celebrated their show being a smash hit.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Blockbuster," "Big success," "Chart-topper."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something that is extremely successful, such as a movie, song, or event. The word "smash" implies something that was broken, but in this context, it refers to something that has achieved great success. The connection between the words and the meaning is figurative, not literal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes sensing that something is wrong or suspicious.

Meaning:
Sensing that something is wrong or suspicious.

Usage:

1. He smelled a rat when he heard the story.
2. She knew to smell a rat when things seemed too good to be true.
3. They smelled a rat in the business deal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
Sense trouble," "Be suspicious," "Detect deceit"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to suspect that something is wrong or to sense dishonesty. The idiom uses "rat" metaphorically to represent deceit or trickery, not a literal rat, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes deceptive or misleading actions or information.

Meaning:
Deceptive or misleading actions or information.

Usage:

1. The magician's performance was all smoke and mirrors.
2. She believed the company's promises were just smoke and mirrors.
3. They saw through the smoke and mirrors of the politician's speech.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Deception," "Illusion," "Misleading"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a deceptive or misleading explanation or situation. "Smoke" and "mirrors" are used metaphorically to create the illusion of something that isn't there, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes something used to hide the true intentions or situation.

Meaning:
Something used to hide the true intentions or situation.

Usage:

1. His apology was just a smoke screen to avoid punishment.
2. She suspected the announcement was a smoke screen for the real issue.
3. They created a smoke screen to divert attention from their plans.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Cover-up," "Disguise," "Camouflage"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a deceptive action meant to hide the true intentions or purpose. The "smoke" here is metaphorical, representing a cover or distraction, not referring to actual smoke, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing conclusive evidence of guilt. It comes from the image of a recently fired gun still emitting smoke, indicating it was used.

Meaning:
Conclusive evidence of guilt.

Usage:

1. The documents provided the smoking gun needed for the case.
2. She found the smoking gun that proved the allegations.
3. They were looking for a smoking gun to confirm their suspicions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Proof," "Incriminating evidence," "Conclusive evidence."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to clear and undeniable evidence of wrongdoing, often used in the context of criminal investigations. The literal meaning of "smoking" and "gun" does not convey the figurative sense of undeniable proof, making it an idiomatic expression.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes a situation that is free of problems or difficulties.

Meaning:
A situation that is free of problems or difficulties.

Usage:

1. The project was smooth sailing after the initial hurdles.
2. She hoped for smooth sailing in her new job.
3. They experienced smooth sailing during the trip.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Easy-going," "Trouble-free," "Uncomplicated"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a situation or process that is going easily without obstacles. "Sailing" is used metaphorically to represent a smooth and uninterrupted course, not referring to actual sailing, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of calming someone who is upset or angry. It comes from the image of smoothing a bird's feathers that have been ruffled.

Meaning:
To calm someone who is upset or angry.

Usage:

1. He tried to smooth her ruffled feathers after the argument.
2. She was good at smoothing ruffled feathers in the office.
3. They needed to smooth the client's ruffled feathers after the mistake.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Calm down," "Placate," "Pacify."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to calm someone down or to resolve a conflict. The image of smoothing ruffled feathers is a figurative way of describing the act of calming someone or making them feel better. The idiom cannot be understood literally and is used to convey a figurative meaning.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to World War II, symbolizing a chaotic or confused situation. It comes from the military acronym "Situation Normal, All Fouled Up."

Meaning:
A chaotic or confused situation.

Usage:

1. The event turned into a snafu due to poor planning.
2. She tried to fix the snafu in the schedule.
3. They laughed about the snafu during the presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Mess," "Chaos," "Confusion."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it stands for a situation that is completely messed up or chaotic, often due to confusion or miscommunication. Derived from a military acronym, it has taken on a figurative meaning of disorder or confusion. The literal meaning of the acronym does not convey the idiomatic sense of chaos, so it qualifies as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century, symbolizing someone who is deceitful and treacherous. It comes from the idea of a hidden snake ready to strike.

Meaning:
Someone who is deceitful and treacherous.

Usage:

1. She realized he was a snake in the grass after he betrayed her.
2. He warned them about the snake in the grass in their group.
3. They felt like there was a snake in the grass among them.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Backstabber," "Deceiver," "Traitor."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means a hidden danger or someone who is deceitful and untrustworthy. While it uses the metaphor of a snake (an animal known for its hidden attacks) in grass, the meaning goes beyond the literal idea of a snake lurking in grass. It symbolizes betrayal or hidden threat, which is not directly understandable from the individual words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the late 19th century, symbolizing a fraudulent or deceptive product. It comes from the practice of selling fake medicines as "snake oil" in the American West.

Meaning:
A fraudulent or deceptive product.

Usage:

1. He realized the miracle cure was just snake oil.
2. She warned them not to fall for snake oil promises.
3. They exposed the product as snake oil.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Scam," "Fraud," "Deception."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a deceptive or fraudulent product or practice, often sold with exaggerated claims. The term originated from fraudulent salesmen in the 19th century selling "snake oil" as a cure-all. The non-literal meaning—something that is deceptive or fake—goes beyond the literal reference to snake oil, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of achieving a win or success at the last possible moment. It comes from the idea of taking victory just before it is lost.

Meaning:
To achieve a win or success at the last possible moment.

Usage:

1. They snatched victory from the jaws of defeat with a last-minute goal.
2. She snatched victory from the jaws in the final moments of the competition.
3. He felt elated after snatching victory from the jaws in the debate.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Last-minute win," "Come from behind," "Narrow victory."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to turn a situation around and achieve success in a seemingly impossible or desperate situation. The idiom uses vivid imagery of "victory" and "defeat," and the meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words. It symbolizes an unexpected or dramatic change in outcomes, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes a situation in which something increases in size or significance at a rapid rate.

Meaning:
A situation in which something increases in size or significance at a rapid rate.

Usage:

1. The snowball effect of the rumors caused widespread panic.
2. She noticed the snowball effect of the project gaining momentum.
3. They were unprepared for the snowball effect of the small issue escalating.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Rapid growth," "Escalation," "Chain reaction"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a process where something starts small but grows larger and faster as it progresses. "Snowball" is metaphorical, representing something that accumulates or intensifies, not referring to a literal snowball, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being overwhelmed with work or responsibilities. It comes from the image of being buried under a heavy snowfall.

Meaning:
To be overwhelmed with work or responsibilities.

Usage:

1. He was snowed under with assignments.
2. She felt snowed under by her workload.
3. They were snowed under with tasks during the busy season.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Overwhelmed," "Swamped," "Buried in work."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be overwhelmed, typically with work or tasks. The idiom evokes the image of being buried under snow, which is a figurative representation of being overwhelmed or inundated. The meaning cannot be directly understood from the literal interpretation, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing being very comfortable and cozy. It comes from the image of a bug being snug and secure in a rolled-up rug.

Meaning:
Very comfortable and cozy.

Usage:

1. She felt snug as a bug in a rug under her warm blankets.
2. He was snug as a bug in a rug in his favorite chair.
3. They were snug as a bug in a rug in the cabin by the fire.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Cozy," "Comfortable," "Warm and secure."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be very comfortable, cozy, and secure. The idiom uses the image of a bug being snug (comfortable) in a rug, which is not a literal comparison but rather a metaphor for feeling safe and cozy. The non-literal meaning of comfort and security makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of making something unpleasant easier to accept. It comes from the idea of lessening the impact of a physical blow.

Meaning:
To make something unpleasant easier to accept.

Usage:

1. He tried to soften the blow by breaking the news gently.
2. She wanted to soften the blow of the criticism with some positive feedback.
3. They provided additional support to soften the blow of the changes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Ease the impact," "Lessen the hurt," "Mitigate the effects."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make an unpleasant or painful situation easier to endure. The idiom does not have a direct relationship to the literal meaning of "softening" or "blow," which typically refers to a physical strike. Instead, it figuratively refers to easing emotional or psychological pain, so the meaning cannot be derived from the literal words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes something worth boasting or being proud of.

Meaning:
Something worth boasting or being proud of.

Usage:

1. He finally had something to crow about with his promotion.
2. She considered her achievement something to crow about.
3. They felt the success was definitely something to crow about.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Boast-worthy," "Prideful," "Noteworthy"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to have something to boast about or be proud of. "Crow" is metaphorical, representing pride or boasting, not referring to the actual bird, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes someone who does not accept defeat well.

Meaning:
Someone who does not accept defeat well.

Usage:

1. He was a sore loser and refused to congratulate the winner.
2. She tried not to be a sore loser after losing the game.
3. They called him a sore loser for his reaction to the defeat.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Poor sport," "Bad loser," "Ungracious"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who reacts badly or immaturely to losing. "Sore" here is metaphorical, symbolizing emotional discomfort or bitterness, not referring to physical pain, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing something that seems suspicious or not quite right. It comes from the idea of a fishy smell indicating something unpleasant or off.

Meaning:
To seem suspicious or not quite right.

Usage:

1. His explanation sounded fishy to everyone.
2. She thought the deal sounded fishy and decided to investigate.
3. They felt the story sounded fishy and asked for more details.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Seem suspicious," "Raise doubts," "Appear dubious."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something seems suspicious or untrustworthy. The idiom doesn’t directly connect to the literal meaning of "sound" or "fishy," but instead uses the metaphor of a fishy smell to imply that something is off or dubious. The meaning cannot be derived directly from the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing something that lacks substance or sincerity. It comes from the idea of a hollow sound being empty and unconvincing.

Meaning:
To lack substance or sincerity.

Usage:

1. His apology sounded hollow after the repeated mistakes.
2. She felt the promises sounded hollow without any action.
3. They realized the assurances sounded hollow and demanded proof.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Seem insincere," "Appear empty," "Lack credibility."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something lacks depth, sincerity, or truth. The literal words "sound" and "hollow" might be associated with an actual object, but in this context, the idiom refers figuratively to something that appears superficial or unconvincing. Therefore, it cannot be understood purely by the literal meaning of the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of pretending to despise something one cannot have. It comes from Aesop's fable, where a fox claims the grapes he cannot reach are sour.

Meaning:
To pretend to despise something one cannot have.

Usage:

1. He said the promotion wasn't important, but it sounded like sour grapes.
2. She dismissed their success as sour grapes since she didn't achieve it.
3. They claimed they didn't want the prize, but it was just sour grapes.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Bitterness," "Resentment," "Disparagement."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a situation in which someone disparages something they cannot have or achieve, often as a defense mechanism. The literal "grapes" and their "sourness" do not explain the figurative meaning of envy or rationalization, so it is an idiom, with the figurative concept going beyond the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes engaging in reckless or promiscuous behavior, typically in one's youth.

Meaning:
Engaging in reckless or promiscuous behavior, typically in one's youth.

Usage:

1. He spent his college years sowing his wild oats.
2. She advised him to sow his wild oats before settling down.
3. They looked back on the days they sowed their wild oats with a mix of nostalgia and regret.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Reckless behavior," "Wild phase," "Youthful indiscretions"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to engage in carefree, often reckless behavior, especially during youth. "Sow" is used metaphorically, representing the act of making decisions that lead to long-term consequences, not literally sowing seeds, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of causing someone to begin to doubt or suspect something. It comes from the idea of planting seeds that will grow into something larger.

Meaning:
To cause someone to begin to doubt or suspect something.

Usage:

1. His remarks sowed the seeds of suspicion among the team.
2. She didn't want to sow the seeds of suspicion with her questions.
3. They were careful not to sow the seeds of suspicion with their actions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Instigate doubt," "Foster suspicion," "Raise doubts."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to introduce or initiate doubt or mistrust in a situation. While "sow" and "seeds" are literal terms related to planting, in this phrase, they figuratively represent starting something (in this case, suspicion). The meaning cannot be understood by interpreting the literal words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing an unexpected obstacle or problem. It comes from the idea of a spanner (wrench) disrupting the smooth operation of machinery.

Meaning:
An unexpected obstacle or problem.

Usage:

1. The sudden change in regulations threw a spanner in the works.
2. She realized that the weather could be a spanner in the works for the event.
3. They encountered a spanner in the works when the software crashed.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Obstacle," "Problem," "Setback."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to disrupt or cause problems in a plan or process. While a "spanner" is a tool and "works" refers to machinery, the meaning of the phrase is metaphorical, referring to a disruption in the smooth functioning of something. The idiom cannot be understood from the literal meaning of the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 16th century and symbolizes the belief that without discipline, children will become spoiled.

Meaning:
The belief that without discipline, children will become spoiled.

Usage:

1. He believed in the principle of spare the rod, spoil the child.
2. She quoted "spare the rod, spoil the child" when discussing discipline.
3. They followed the idea of "spare the rod, spoil the child" in their parenting.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Discipline is necessary," "Tough love," "Strict upbringing"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that without discipline, a child will not learn proper behavior. The "rod" is metaphorical, representing discipline or correction, not a literal rod, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes the appearance of someone who was just being talked about.

Meaning:
The appearance of someone who was just being talked about.

Usage:

1. We were just talking about you—speak of the devil!
2. She appeared right after her name was mentioned—speak of the devil.
3. They laughed and said, "speak of the devil," when he walked in.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Talk of the devil," "Here they come," "Mention and appear"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the situation when a person being discussed appears unexpectedly. "Devil" is used figuratively, referring to someone being spoken about, not a literal devil, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of speaking without preparation or rehearsal. It comes from the idea of notes being written on a speaker's cuff for quick reference.

Meaning:
To speak without preparation or rehearsal.

Usage:

1. He delivered his speech off the cuff and impressed the audience.
2. She was able to answer the questions off the cuff.
3. They admired his ability to speak off the cuff during the meeting.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Improvise," "Ad-lib," "Wing it."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to speak without preparation, often spontaneously. The idiom "off the cuff" comes from the idea of writing or speaking without a script, but the meaning is figurative. The idiom does not suggest that someone is literally speaking from their cuff but implies an impromptu or unprepared nature, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of speaking when it is not one's turn or speaking inappropriately. It comes from the idea of violating the accepted order of speaking.

Meaning:
To speak when it is not one's turn or speaking inappropriately.

Usage:

1. He apologized for speaking out of turn during the discussion.
2. She was reprimanded for speaking out of turn in class.
3. They reminded everyone not to speak out of turn at the meeting.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Interrupt," "Interject," "Speak inappropriately."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to speak at an inappropriate time or in an inappropriate way, often breaking social norms or expectations. The idiom "out of turn" comes from a situation where speaking out of sequence or context disrupts the expected order, but it does not have a literal connection to physical turns, making it figurative and thus an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, popularized by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, symbolizing the act of negotiating peacefully while having strength in reserve. It comes from Roosevelt's proverb advocating diplomacy backed by the threat of force.

Meaning:
To negotiate peacefully while having strength in reserve.

Usage:

1. He believed in speaking softly and carrying a big stick in negotiations.
2. She used a speak softly and carry a big stick approach in her leadership.
3. They admired his speak softly and carry a big stick strategy in diplomacy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Diplomatic strength," "Assertive diplomacy," "Peaceful power."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to approach situations with gentleness or diplomacy while having the ability to back up your position with power or force. The literal words suggest a soft approach and a large stick, but the meaning is metaphorical and refers to strength and resolve behind gentleness, not physical actions, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of conveying a lot of information or meaning. It comes from the idea of something "speaking" a large amount of information or significance.

Meaning:
To convey a lot of information or meaning.

Usage:

1. Her silence speaks volumes about her feelings.
2. The condition of his desk speaks volumes about his organizational skills.
3. Their support speaks volumes about their commitment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Indicate clearly," "Reveal much," "Convey significance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something conveys a significant amount of information or meaning, often indirectly or subtly. The idiom "speaks volumes" implies a large amount of information without literal speech, making it figurative and non-literal, thus classifying it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes revealing a secret or confidential information.

Meaning:
Revealing a secret or confidential information.

Usage:

1. He accidentally spilled the beans about the surprise party.
2. She tried to make him spill the beans about the project.
3. They promised not to spill the beans until it was official.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Reveal a secret," "Divulge," "Let the cat out of the bag"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to reveal a secret or disclose information. "Beans" is metaphorical here, representing something hidden, not referring to literal beans, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes sharing one's innermost thoughts or secrets.

Meaning:
Sharing one's innermost thoughts or secrets.

Usage:

1. She spilled her guts to her best friend.
2. He felt the need to spill his guts about what happened.
3. They asked him to spill his guts and tell the whole story.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Confess," "Open up," "Bare one's soul"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to confess or reveal one's secrets. "Guts" is used metaphorically to represent deep emotions or secrets, not referring to literal internal organs, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of telling a long, imaginative story. It comes from the nautical practice of sailors spinning yarns (threads) while telling stories during their downtime.

Meaning:
To tell a long, imaginative story.

Usage:

1. He loves to spin a yarn about his adventures.
2. She entertained the children by spinning a yarn.
3. They gathered around the campfire to spin yarns.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Tell a tale," "Weave a story," "Narrate imaginatively."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to tell a long, often exaggerated or imaginative story, especially one that may not be completely true. The idiom doesn't literally refer to spinning yarn but uses the imagery of spinning threads to convey the act of telling an elaborate or fabricated tale, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing a person who is skilled in presenting information in a favorable light. It comes from the idea of "spinning" information to influence public perception.

Meaning:
A person who is skilled in presenting information in a favorable light.

Usage:

1. He hired a spin doctor to manage his public image.
2. She was known as the best spin doctor in the industry.
3. They relied on their spin doctor to handle the media crisis.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Public relations expert," "Image consultant," "Media strategist."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a person who manipulates or shapes the interpretation of events, especially in a political or media context, often to present them in a more favorable light. The "spin" here does not refer to a literal spinning motion but to the metaphorical manipulation of information, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes expending effort without making progress.

Meaning:
Expending effort without making progress.

Usage:

1. He felt like he was spinning his wheels at the dead-end job.
2. She realized she was spinning her wheels with the unproductive strategy.
3. They were spinning their wheels on the project without clear direction.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Waste time," "Go nowhere," "Make no progress"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to expending effort without making progress. "Wheels" here are metaphorical, representing movement or activity, but with no real outcome, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of a situation becoming increasingly chaotic or uncontrollable. It comes from the image of something spiraling outwards, growing wilder.

Meaning:
A situation becoming increasingly chaotic or uncontrollable.

Usage:

1. The argument spiraled out of control.
2. She felt her workload was spiraling out of control.
3. They tried to stop the project from spiraling out of control.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Escalate," "Run wild," "Get out of hand."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means a situation or process that becomes increasingly worse or difficult to manage. "Spiral" here is symbolic, representing something that moves or escalates in a chaotic, uncontrolled manner, rather than referring to an actual spiral. The idiom conveys a metaphorical sense of a downward trajectory or loss of control, making it an idiom with a non-literal meaning.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of showing contempt or disrespect towards someone. It comes from the idea of spitting as a gesture of disdain.

Meaning:
To show contempt or disrespect towards someone.

Usage:

1. He felt like she was spitting in his eye with her comments.
2. She didn't want to spit in their eye by rejecting their offer.
3. They accused him of spitting in their eye with his actions.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Show disrespect," "Insult," "Offend."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to insult or disrespect someone in a very direct and forceful way. The action of spitting is used figuratively to convey an extreme act of disdain or contempt. While the literal meaning of spitting is understood, in this context, the expression is non-literal and implies a figurative insult, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being an exact likeness or duplicate of someone. It comes from the idea of being so alike that it's as if one is spitting the image of the other.

Meaning:
To be an exact likeness or duplicate of someone.

Usage:

1. He is the spitting image of his father.
2. She was amazed at how the twins were the spitting image of each other.
3. They said the portrait was the spitting image of her.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Exact likeness," "Duplicate," "Carbon copy."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to look exactly like someone, often in terms of appearance or features. "Spitting" here is figurative, not literal, and the term "image" refers to the resemblance. The phrase does not refer to actual spitting but conveys the idea of an uncanny likeness, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of doing something futile or counterproductive. It comes from the idea that spitting into the wind will result in the spit coming back at you.

Meaning:
To do something futile or counterproductive.

Usage:

1. He realized he was spitting in the wind with his complaints.
2. She felt like trying to change the policy was spitting in the wind.
3. They were warned that their efforts were just spitting in the wind.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Waste effort," "Be futile," "Act pointlessly."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to doing something that is futile or self-defeating, where the outcome is going to backfire or cause harm to oneself. The literal image of spitting into the wind suggests that whatever action is taken will be counterproductive, and this figurative meaning is not directly deducible from the words alone, classifying it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 17th century and symbolizes making fine or overly subtle distinctions.

Meaning:
Making fine or overly subtle distinctions.

Usage:

1. They were splitting hairs over the minor details of the plan.
2. She told them not to split hairs and focus on the big picture.
3. He has a tendency to split hairs during debates.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Quibble," "Nitpick," "Overanalyze"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make very fine or overly detailed distinctions, often about trivial matters. "Hairs" here is metaphorical, symbolizing something small or minor, not referring to actual hairs, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being eager or ready to argue or fight. It comes from the idea of someone looking for an excuse to start a fight.

Meaning:
To be eager or ready to argue or fight.

Usage:

1. He seemed to be spoiling for a fight at the meeting.
2. She was spoiling for a fight after the argument.
3. They warned him not to spoil for a fight with his comments.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Looking for a fight," "Ready to argue," "Eager to confront."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone being eager or looking for a confrontation or argument. The term "spoiling" in this context is not literal (i.e., not about actual spoilage), but it metaphorically describes a state of readiness or desire for conflict. This figurative meaning moves beyond the literal words, categorizing it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of taking advantage of someone's generosity or hospitality. It comes from the idea of a sponge absorbing what it touches.

Meaning:
To take advantage of someone's generosity or hospitality.

Usage:

1. He was accused of sponging off his friends.
2. She didn't want to sponge off her parents anymore.
3. They warned her about people who would sponge off her kindness.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Mooch," "Freeload," "Take advantage."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to rely on someone else for money or resources without giving anything in return, essentially living off someone else's generosity. "Sponge" here is figurative and does not refer to an actual sponge, but instead conveys the idea of absorbing benefits without reciprocating. This figurative use makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of giving someone information or help in an overly detailed and easy manner. It comes from the idea of feeding a child with a spoon.

Meaning:
To give someone information or help in an overly detailed and easy manner.

Usage:

1. He didn't want to spoon-feed the new employees.
2. She felt like she was being spoon-fed the instructions.
3. They preferred not to spoon-feed students and encouraged independent thinking.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Over-explain," "Coddle," "Pamper."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to provide someone with all the necessary information or help in a way that is overly simplistic or condescending, without requiring them to think or act independently. The use of "spoon-feed" here does not involve the literal act of feeding someone with a spoon, but instead conveys the idea of overly simplifying or doing something for someone, making it a non-literal idiomatic expression.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing something that spreads very quickly. It comes from the image of a wildfire, which spreads rapidly and uncontrollably.

Meaning:
To spread very quickly.

Usage:

1. The news spread like wildfire through the office.
2. Rumors about the scandal spread like wildfire.
3. The viral video spread like wildfire on social media.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Catch on quickly," "Go viral," "Spread rapidly."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively describes something that spreads quickly, much like a wildfire. While "wildfire" literally refers to a rapidly spreading fire, the idiomatic expression conveys the idea of something (like news, rumors, or trends) rapidly gaining momentum. The idiom does not relate directly to the literal idea of fire but uses "wildfire" symbolically to express speed and widespread effect, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of taking on too many tasks, leading to reduced effectiveness. It comes from the idea of spreading a limited amount of butter too thinly on bread.

Meaning:
To take on too many tasks, leading to reduced effectiveness.

Usage:

1. He spread himself too thin by joining multiple clubs.
2. She realized she was spreading herself too thin with all her commitments.
3. They warned him not to spread himself too thin and focus on priorities.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Overextend," "Overcommit," "Stretch too far."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to attempting to do too many things at once, leading to exhaustion or inefficiency. The idiom uses the literal idea of spreading something thin (like butter on bread) as a metaphor for overextending oneself in various tasks. The figurative meaning — being overcommitted or stretched too far — cannot be deduced directly from the individual words, as it is about a person’s actions rather than something physically being spread.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of becoming more independent and confident. It comes from the image of a bird spreading its wings to fly.

Meaning:
To become more independent and confident.

Usage:

1. She decided to spread her wings and start her own business.
2. He encouraged his children to spread their wings and explore the world.
3. They felt it was time to spread their wings and take on new challenges.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Gain independence," "Grow," "Branch out."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to become more independent or to try new things, particularly after being constrained. The metaphor of "wings" evokes the idea of flying, representing freedom or personal growth. While the literal meaning refers to the physical act of spreading wings, the idiomatic use refers to stepping outside one's comfort zone or trying new experiences, which is figurative and not directly tied to the literal words.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes someone who is young and inexperienced.

Meaning:
Someone who is young and inexperienced.

Usage:

1. He may not be a spring chicken, but he's full of energy.
2. She felt like a spring chicken compared to her experienced colleagues.
3. They knew he was no spring chicken but valued his wisdom.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Youngster," "Novice," "Greenhorn"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to someone who is young and energetic, or youthful in appearance or behavior. "Spring chicken" is metaphorical, as it does not refer to an actual chicken, but to someone who is vibrant, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes someone or something that does not fit into a particular situation.

Meaning:
Someone or something that does not fit into a particular situation.

Usage:

1. He felt like a square peg in a round hole in his new job.
2. She realized she was a square peg in a round hole in the rigid organization.
3. They knew he was a square peg in a round hole in the traditional environment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Misfit," "Out of place," "Mismatch"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes a situation where someone or something does not fit in or is out of place. The "square peg" and "round hole" are metaphors for incompatibility, not literal shapes or objects, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 14th century and symbolizes attempting to do something impossible or extremely difficult.

Meaning:
Attempting to do something impossible or extremely difficult.

Usage:

1. He tried to square the circle with his ambitious plan.
2. She realized they were trying to square the circle with their expectations.
3. They knew squaring the circle would be a monumental task.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Impossible task," "Herculean effort," "Unachievable goal"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to trying to solve a problem that seems impossible or contradictory. The idiom uses "square" and "circle" metaphorically to represent two things that cannot logically fit together, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes the idea that the most noticeable (or loudest) problems are the ones that get attention.

Meaning:
The idea that the most noticeable (or loudest) problems are the ones that get attention.

Usage:

1. He always complains because he knows the squeaky wheel gets the grease.
2. She decided to speak up because the squeaky wheel gets the grease.
3. They learned that being vocal helps because the squeaky wheel gets the grease.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Speak up," "Demand attention," "Make noise"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that those who complain or demand attention are more likely to get help or results. The "squeaky wheel" is a metaphor for someone who makes noise or seeks attention, not referring to an actual wheel, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a betrayal or treachery by someone trusted. It comes from the image of being attacked from behind by someone close to you.

Meaning:
A betrayal or treachery by someone trusted.

Usage:

1. He felt like his best friend had stabbed him in the back.
2. She couldn't believe the betrayal; it was a stab in the back.
3. They saw the actions as a stab in the back from their colleague.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Betray," "Double-cross," "Backstab."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an act of betrayal or treachery, often done by someone who is trusted. The imagery of being stabbed in the back represents a sudden, unexpected attack, which is figurative. The idiom does not imply a literal stabbing, but instead uses the metaphor of being hurt by someone in a position of trust, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes arranging things unfairly in one's favor.

Meaning:
Arranging things unfairly in one's favor.

Usage:

1. He tried to stack the deck by influencing the judges.
2. She felt the competition was stacked against her.
3. They accused him of stacking the deck to ensure his victory.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Rig," "Bias," "Tilt in favor"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to manipulating or arranging things in one's favor, often in a dishonest way. "Deck" is metaphorical, representing the cards or situation being controlled, not referring to an actual deck of cards, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century, symbolizing a candidate put forward to divide the opposition or to test the strength of a challenge. It comes from the practice of hiding behind a horse to approach game animals closely.

Meaning:
A candidate put forward to divide the opposition or to test the strength of a challenge.

Usage:

1. They suspected he was a stalking horse in the leadership race.
2. She was used as a stalking horse to gauge support for the new policy.
3. He played the role of a stalking horse to reveal his opponent's weaknesses.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Decoy," "Test candidate," "Front."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a person or thing used to conceal one's true intentions, often as a decoy or distraction. The term originates from hunting, where a "stalking horse" would be used to hide the hunter's presence from prey. While it uses a literal hunting reference, the meaning of the idiom is figurative, implying strategic deception or indirect action to achieve a goal.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes putting oneself in another person's position to understand their perspective.

Meaning:
Putting oneself in another person's position to understand their perspective.

Usage:

1. She tried to stand in his shoes to understand his feelings.
2. He advised them to stand in someone's shoes before judging.
3. They found it difficult to stand in her shoes given the circumstances.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Empathize," "See from another's perspective," "Put oneself in someone's place"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to understand or empathize with someone else's situation. "Shoes" is used metaphorically, representing the position or perspective of another person, not referring to actual shoes, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being very noticeable or out of place.

Meaning:
Being very noticeable or out of place.

Usage:

1. His bright outfit stood out like a sore thumb at the formal event.
2. She felt her mistake stood out like a sore thumb.
3. They knew their unusual approach would stand out like a sore thumb.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be conspicuous," "Stand out," "Attract attention"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be noticeably different or out of place in a given situation. "Sore thumb" is a metaphor, symbolizing something that is prominent and stands apart, not referring to an actual thumb, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 17th century and symbolizes maintaining one's position or stance, especially in the face of opposition.

Meaning:
Maintaining one's position or stance, especially in the face of opposition.

Usage:

1. She stood her ground during the heated debate.
2. He stood his ground despite the criticism.
3. They encouraged him to stand his ground and not back down.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hold firm," "Resist," "Defend one's position"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to maintain one's position or beliefs despite opposition. "Ground" is metaphorical, symbolizing one's stance or conviction, not referring to literal land or terrain, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing someone who is completely crazy or irrational. It comes from the idea of someone being so mad that it is stark (extreme) and raving (wildly irrational).

Meaning:
Completely crazy or irrational.

Usage:

1. He was acting stark raving mad during the argument.
2. She thought the plan was stark raving mad and refused to participate.
3. They said he must be stark raving mad to attempt such a stunt.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Insane," "Out of one's mind," "Lunatic."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means being completely insane or irrational. The combination of "stark" and "raving" does not directly convey the meaning of madness. Instead, the words are used figuratively to describe someone acting in an extreme and irrational manner, making this an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing someone who is very hopeful or dreamy about the future, often in an unrealistic way. It comes from the image of stars reflecting in someone's eyes, indicating dreamy optimism.

Meaning:
To be very hopeful or dreamy about the future, often in an unrealistic way.

Usage:

1. She had stars in her eyes about becoming a movie star.
2. He always had stars in his eyes when talking about his dreams.
3. They could see the stars in her eyes as she spoke about her plans.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Dreamy-eyed," "Hopeful," "Starry-eyed."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a person who is overly optimistic or daydreaming about something that may not be realistic, often with admiration or infatuation. The literal meaning of "stars" does not directly connect to the figurative sense of unrealistic dreams or aspirations, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 18th century and symbolizes taking credit for someone else's idea or achievement.

Meaning:
Taking credit for someone else's idea or achievement.

Usage:

1. He stole her thunder by announcing the news first.
2. She felt he was trying to steal her thunder during the presentation.
3. They accused him of stealing their thunder by taking their idea.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Upstage," "Take credit," "Overshadow"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take credit for someone else's idea or success. "Thunder" is used metaphorically to represent the attention or recognition that belongs to someone else, not referring to actual thunder, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being the most impressive or outstanding at an event.

Meaning:
Being the most impressive or outstanding at an event.

Usage:

1. Her performance stole the show at the concert.
2. He stole the show with his brilliant speech.
3. They knew their act would steal the show at the talent show.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be the star," "Take center stage," "Shine"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to attract the most attention or praise, often unexpectedly. "Show" is used metaphorically to represent the event or performance, not referring to an actual theatrical performance, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes stopping or slowing the progress of something.

Meaning:
Stopping or slowing the progress of something.

Usage:

1. They worked hard to stem the tide of negative publicity.
2. She tried to stem the tide of layoffs at the company.
3. He found it difficult to stem the tide of rising costs.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
Hold back," "Control," "Stop"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stop or control a large, growing issue or problem. "Tide" is metaphorical, representing something overwhelming or difficult to contain, not referring to an actual tide, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of taking on a difficult role or responsibility in a challenging situation. It comes from the military term "breach," referring to a gap in defenses that needs to be filled.

Meaning:
To take on a difficult role or responsibility in a challenging situation.

Usage:

1. He stepped into the breach when the team leader quit.
2. She was ready to step into the breach and handle the crisis.
3. They praised him for stepping into the breach during the emergency.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Take charge," "Fill the gap," "Assume responsibility."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively refers to taking on a task or responsibility when others fail or when there is a gap. The "breach" metaphorically represents a gap or a break in continuity, and the words do not directly convey this meaning, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes hurrying up or going faster.

Meaning:
Hurrying up or going faster.

Usage:

1. She told the driver to step on it to catch the train.
2. He decided to step on it to finish the project on time.
3. They needed to step on it to meet the deadline.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hurry up," "Speed up," "Get a move on"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to hurry or accelerate something, particularly driving. "It" refers to the accelerator pedal in a car, but the expression figuratively means to speed up, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the late 20th century, symbolizing the act of improving one's performance or effort. It comes from the idea of raising the level of one's game or skills.

Meaning:
To improve one's performance or effort.

Usage:

1. He knew he had to step up his game to succeed in the competition.
2. She encouraged her team to step up their game for the final round.
3. They realized they needed to step up their game to meet the new standards.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Improve," "Enhance performance," "Raise effort."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it figuratively means to improve one's performance or efforts in a particular area. While the words "step" and "game" could be interpreted literally, the figurative meaning—of raising the level of one's efforts—is not directly tied to the literal meaning of the individual words. It represents an increase in intensity or ability, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes taking responsibility or taking action.

Meaning:
Taking responsibility or taking action.

Usage:

1. He stepped up to the plate and took charge of the situation.
2. She encouraged her team to step up to the plate.
3. They knew it was time to step up to the plate and deliver results.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Take responsibility," "Rise to the occasion," "Take action"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take responsibility or rise to the occasion in a situation. "Plate" refers to the baseball context, but the idiom is metaphorical in its broader meaning of taking action when needed, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of suffering the consequences of one's actions. It comes from the image of food cooking in its own juices, implying enduring one's own predicament.

Meaning:
To suffer the consequences of one's actions.

Usage:

1. He was left to stew in his own juice after the argument.
2. She told him to stew in his own juice for making that decision.
3. They watched him stew in his own juice after ignoring their advice.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Face the music," "Pay the piper," "Endure consequences."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to suffer the consequences of one's own actions or to be left to deal with a problematic situation of one's own making. The idiom uses "stew" and "juice" metaphorically to represent someone being left to experience their own difficulties. The figurative meaning of self-inflicted suffering cannot be deduced from the literal words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing something that is difficult to accept or causes irritation. It comes from the image of something literally getting stuck in one's throat.

Meaning:
To be difficult to accept or cause irritation.

Usage:

1. His criticism really stuck in her throat.
2. It stuck in his throat to see them succeed.
3. The unfair decision stuck in their throats.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be hard to swallow," "Grate," "Annoy."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means that something is difficult to accept or causes discomfort, often in an emotional or figurative sense. While the idiom involves the literal idea of something physically being stuck in one's throat, its common usage refers to emotional discomfort or a reaction to something unpleasant, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes someone who is resistant to change or new ideas.

Meaning:
Someone who is resistant to change or new ideas.

Usage:

1. He was a stick in the mud and refused to try new things.
2. She called him a stick in the mud for not joining the fun.
3. They joked that he was a stick in the mud for not wanting to change.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Conservative," "Old-fashioned," "Inflexible"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes someone who is resistant to change or stuck in outdated ways. "Mud" here is metaphorical, representing stagnation or a lack of progress, not referring to literal mud, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing something that is very obvious or noticeable. It comes from the image of something protruding a long way out, making it impossible to miss.

Meaning:
To be very obvious or noticeable.

Usage:

1. The mistake stuck out a mile on the report.
2. Her talent for singing stuck out a mile.
3. It stuck out a mile that he was uncomfortable.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Stand out," "Be glaring," "Be evident."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something is very obvious or noticeable, usually in a conspicuous or exaggerated way. While the idiom uses "stick out" to imply something physically extending, the meaning of being highly noticeable or easily seen is a figurative, non-literal interpretation of the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 19th century and symbolizes being very noticeable or out of place.

Meaning:
Being very noticeable or out of place.

Usage:

1. His bright shirt stuck out like a sore thumb at the formal event.
2. She felt her mistake stuck out like a sore thumb.
3. They knew their unusual approach would stick out like a sore thumb.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be conspicuous," "Stand out," "Attract attention"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be noticeably out of place or different in a given context. "Sore thumb" is metaphorical, representing something that stands out painfully or awkwardly, not referring to an actual thumb, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of maintaining one's position or beliefs even when challenged. It comes from the military image of standing firm and continuing to fight with one's weapons.

Meaning:
To maintain one's position or beliefs even when challenged.

Usage:

1. He stuck to his guns despite the criticism.
2. She decided to stick to her guns about the policy.
3. They admired him for sticking to his guns.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hold firm," "Stand one's ground," "Remain steadfast."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to stand firm in one's beliefs or decisions, especially in the face of opposition. The idiom metaphorically relates to a person being as resolute as a soldier sticking to their weapons, but the literal meaning of sticking to guns does not convey the figurative sense of firmness in decision-making, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of sticking to what one knows best. It comes from the old saying "Let the cobbler stick to his last," meaning a shoemaker should stick to his trade.

Meaning:
To stick to what one knows best.

Usage:

1. He decided to stick to his last and focus on his area of expertise.
2. She advised them to stick to their last and not venture into unknown fields.
3. They chose to stick to their last and continued with their successful methods.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Stay in one's lane," "Focus on strengths," "Stick to one's knitting."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to continue doing what you are best at or to remain focused on your area of expertise. The idiom uses "last" metaphorically to refer to a cobbler's tool, symbolizing a focus on one’s craft, but the literal meaning of a cobbler sticking to their tools doesn't directly explain the figurative idea of focusing on one's strengths, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a person who is resistant to change and prefers to stick to traditional ways. It comes from the image of someone stuck in the mud, unable to move forward.

Meaning:
A person who is resistant to change and prefers to stick to traditional ways.

Usage:

1. He was known as a stick-in-the-mud for his reluctance to try new things.
2. She called him a stick-in-the-mud for rejecting modern ideas.
3. They didn't want to be seen as stick-in-the-mud in the innovative industry.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Traditionalist," "Old-fashioned," "Resistant to change."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes someone who is dull, unimaginative, or resistant to change. The idiom uses "stick in the mud" metaphorically to represent someone who is stuck in their ways or reluctant to embrace new ideas. The non-literal meaning of a person’s reluctance to change cannot be directly inferred from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the tendency to steal or take things that do not belong to oneself. It comes from the idea of fingers being "sticky" and holding onto things.

Meaning:
The tendency to steal or take things that do not belong to oneself.

Usage:

1. They suspected the new employee had sticky fingers.
2. She warned her kids about the consequences of having sticky fingers.
3. He was caught red-handed with sticky fingers at the store.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Thief," "Pilferer," "Kleptomaniac."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is prone to stealing or taking things that don’t belong to them. The idiom uses "sticky" to symbolize the ability to cling to or take things, while "fingers" refer to the act of stealing. The non-literal meaning of stealing behavior is not directly deducible from the literal words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, originating from cricket, symbolizing a difficult or tricky situation. It comes from the term used to describe a cricket pitch that has become wet and soft, making it difficult to play on.

Meaning:
A difficult or tricky situation.

Usage:

1. He found himself on a sticky wicket during the negotiation.
2. She realized she was in a sticky wicket when the plan failed.
3. They needed to navigate the sticky wicket carefully.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Tough spot," "Tricky situation," "Difficult position."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a difficult or tricky situation, particularly one that is hard to get out of. The idiom originates from cricket, where a "wicket" is a set of stumps, and a "sticky wicket" refers to a difficult pitch to play on. Over time, this term evolved figuratively to describe a challenging situation. The figurative meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words of "sticky" and "wicket," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of remaining calm and unemotional in the face of adversity. It comes from the idea that a stiff upper lip does not quiver, indicating control over one's emotions.

Meaning:
To remain calm and unemotional in the face of adversity.

Usage:

1. He kept a stiff upper lip despite the bad news.
2. She admired his stiff upper lip during the crisis.
3. They maintained a stiff upper lip throughout the ordeal.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Stay strong," "Keep calm," "Show resilience."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to the quality of maintaining composure and not showing emotion, particularly in the face of adversity. The idiom stems from the idea of keeping one's lip stiff and not trembling in difficult situations. The figurative meaning of emotional restraint cannot be understood directly from the words "stiff" and "lip," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing someone who is stubborn and inflexible. It comes from the image of a person with a stiff neck, unable to turn their head easily.

Meaning:
Someone who is stubborn and inflexible.

Usage:

1. He was known for being stiff-necked in his opinions.
2. She found it difficult to work with such a stiff-necked colleague.
3. They accused him of being stiff-necked and unwilling to compromise.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Stubborn," "Inflexible," "Obstinate."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who is stubborn, unyielding, or inflexible, especially in their attitude. The literal meaning would suggest someone with a physical condition of a stiff neck, but the idiomatic meaning relates to a person's unwillingness to bend or adapt. It cannot be understood from the literal interpretation of "stiff" and "neck," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of obtaining money or goods from someone, often dishonestly. It comes from the idea of a sting operation or swindle.

Meaning:
To obtain money or goods from someone, often dishonestly.

Usage:

1. He stung her for a large sum of money.
2. She realized too late that he had stung her for the expensive gift.
3. They were stung for their valuables by the scam artist.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Swindle," "Defraud," "Cheat."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to deceive or trick someone into paying more than they should, or to take advantage of them financially. While the literal meaning involves a sting or sharp pain, the figurative use refers to the act of taking advantage of someone in a financial transaction. This non-literal meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing something that smells very bad or is morally reprehensible. It comes from the idea of a stench so strong it reaches the heavens.

Meaning:
To smell very bad or be morally reprehensible.

Usage:

1. The garbage stank to high heaven after days in the sun.
2. She said the corruption in the company stank to high heaven.
3. They complained that the fish market stank to high heaven.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Reek," "Smell awful," "Be repugnant."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means something is extremely unpleasant, offensive, or suspicious. The literal words suggest an odor reaching a high point, but figuratively, it refers to something being so bad or outrageous that it is almost unbearable. The figurative meaning goes beyond the literal interpretation of "stink" and "high heaven," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 18th century and symbolizes causing trouble or provoking a strong reaction.

Meaning:
Causing trouble or provoking a strong reaction.

Usage:

1. His comments stirred up a hornet's nest at the meeting.
2. She didn't want to stir up a hornet's nest with her proposal.
3. They knew their actions would stir up a hornet's nest.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Cause trouble," "Provoke," "Agitate"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause trouble or provoke a strong reaction, often unintentionally. "Hornet's nest" is metaphorical, symbolizing a situation that becomes chaotic or dangerous when disturbed, not referring to an actual nest of hornets, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of becoming restless or mentally disturbed due to prolonged confinement. It comes from the slang term "stir" meaning prison.

Meaning:
To become restless or mentally disturbed due to prolonged confinement.

Usage:

1. He was feeling stir-crazy after weeks of lockdown.
2. She went stir-crazy during the long winter indoors.
3. They started to get stir-crazy while waiting for the results.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Restless," "Cabin fever," "Agitated."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to become mentally agitated, restless, or irrational due to confinement or isolation, such as being indoors for an extended period. The idiom comes from the idea that being "stirred" or confined leads to craziness or agitation. It does not directly relate to the literal meaning of "stir" (to mix) or "crazy," but to a figurative feeling of mental distress from being confined. Hence, it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing an informant or someone who betrays others. It comes from the practice of using a pigeon as a decoy to catch other birds.

Meaning:
An informant or someone who betrays others.

Usage:

1. They suspected he was a stool pigeon for the authorities.
2. She didn't want to be seen as a stool pigeon among her peers.
3. He was labeled a stool pigeon after providing information to the police.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Informer," "Snitch," "Tattletale."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to someone who informs on others, typically to the authorities, or a "rat" in a group. The idiom originated from the use of a pigeon or bird as a decoy, which would "stool" or signal its location. The figurative meaning of betraying someone cannot be derived from the literal words of "stool" and "pigeon," making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being willing to do anything to achieve a goal. It comes from the idea of not stopping for any obstacle or limitation.

Meaning:
To be willing to do anything to achieve a goal.

Usage:

1. He would stop at nothing to get the promotion.
2. She said she would stop at nothing to protect her family.
3. They warned that he would stop at nothing to win the competition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be relentless," "Do whatever it takes," "Be unyielding."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be willing to do anything, including unethical or extreme actions, to achieve a goal. While "stop" and "nothing" can be interpreted literally, the idiomatic meaning suggests that no obstacle, moral or otherwise, will prevent a person from reaching their objective. The meaning cannot be understood from the literal meaning alone, so it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of suddenly stopping due to shock or surprise. It comes from the image of someone stopping abruptly as if frozen.

Meaning:
To suddenly stop due to shock or surprise.

Usage:

1. The unexpected news stopped her dead in her tracks.
2. He stopped dead in his tracks when he saw the accident.
3. They stopped dead in their tracks upon hearing the announcement.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Freeze," "Halt suddenly," "Be stunned."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to suddenly halt or freeze in place, often due to shock, surprise, or an overwhelming event. The idiom comes from the idea of an animal stopping instantly while moving in its tracks. However, the figurative meaning—sudden and complete cessation of action—is not directly connected to the literal words "stop," "dead," and "tracks." Therefore, it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of preventing further decline or deterioration. It comes from the idea of stopping decay or rot before it spreads.

Meaning:
To prevent further decline or deterioration.

Usage:

1. They implemented new policies to stop the rot in the company.
2. She took immediate action to stop the rot in the organization.
3. He wanted to stop the rot before things got worse.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Prevent decay," "Halt decline," "Restore order."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to prevent a decline or worsening situation, especially in a process or organization. The literal meaning of "rot" refers to decay, but the figurative use refers to halting deterioration, such as in the performance of a company or a deteriorating situation. The connection to the literal words is not strong enough to be taken literally, which makes this an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing a small event that has been exaggerated out of proportion. It comes from the image of a storm happening in a tiny, contained space like a teacup.

Meaning:
A small event that has been exaggerated out of proportion.

Usage:

1. They made a storm in a teacup over a minor disagreement.
2. She realized it was just a storm in a teacup and not worth worrying about.
3. He said the fuss over the mistake was a storm in a teacup.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Mountain out of a molehill," "Big fuss over nothing," "Exaggeration."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to making a big fuss over a small or trivial issue. The idiom "storm in a teacup" does not literally involve a storm or a teacup but uses the metaphor of a small, contained storm to imply an overreaction to something minor. The meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes getting information directly from the source.

Meaning:
Getting information directly from the source.

Usage:

1. She heard the news straight from the horse's mouth.
2. He wanted to get the information straight from the horse's mouth.
3. They trusted the facts because they came straight from the horse's mouth.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Directly from the source," "Firsthand," "Authoritative source"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means information coming directly from the source, without distortion. "Horse's mouth" is metaphorical, not referring to an actual horse's mouth but to a reliable origin of information, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 17th century, symbolizing the act of focusing on trivial details while ignoring more significant issues. It comes from a biblical reference in Matthew 23:24.

Meaning:
To focus on trivial details while ignoring more significant issues.

Usage:

1. He tends to strain at a gnat and swallow a camel during discussions.
2. She accused them of straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel with their policies.
3. They realized they were straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel by nitpicking minor issues.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Miss the forest for the trees," "Focus on the small stuff," "Overlook the big picture."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to make a big deal out of small, insignificant problems while ignoring much larger, more serious issues. The idiom involves a figurative interpretation of a gnat (something tiny) and a camel (something large), and the meaning cannot be derived from the literal words. Thus, it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 17th century, symbolizing an unusual or unexpected alliance. It comes from the idea of unlikely individuals sharing a bed.

Meaning:
An unusual or unexpected alliance.

Usage:

1. Politics often makes strange bedfellows.
2. Their partnership was seen as strange bedfellows in the industry.
3. She remarked on the strange bedfellows in the new coalition.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Unlikely allies," "Unexpected partners," "Odd alliance."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to situations where people or things that are typically incompatible or unlikely to associate end up in a partnership or alliance. The term "bedfellows" doesn’t refer literally to people sharing a bed but uses the metaphor of "strange" to indicate unusual or unexpected associations. The meaning is not literal and cannot be deduced directly from the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 17th century and symbolizes a small addition to a burden that causes it to become unbearable.

Meaning:
A small addition to a burden that causes it to become unbearable.

Usage:

1. The last-minute request was the straw that broke the camel's back.
2. She felt the extra task was the straw that broke the camel's back.
3. They realized the final complaint was the straw that broke the camel's back.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Final straw," "Breaking point," "Last straw"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means the final burden or small issue that causes an overwhelming collapse or breakdown. "Straw" and "camel's back" are metaphors for cumulative stress, not literal elements, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of evoking a strong emotional response or connection. It comes from the image of striking a musical chord that resonates.

Meaning:
To evoke a strong emotional response or connection.

Usage:

1. Her speech struck a chord with the audience.
2. He hoped his story would strike a chord with readers.
3. Their message struck a chord, leading to widespread support.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Resonate," "Touch a nerve," "Hit home."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to evoke a strong emotional response or resonate with someone. While "chord" refers to a musical term, the idiom uses it metaphorically to describe the emotional impact of something. The meaning is not literal and cannot be derived directly from the words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of doing or saying something that is inappropriate or off-key. It comes from the image of playing a wrong note in music.

Meaning:
To do or say something that is inappropriate or off-key.

Usage:

1. His comment struck a false note in the meeting.
2. She realized her remark had struck a false note with the group.
3. They tried to avoid striking a false note in their presentation.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Misstep," "Blunder," "Make a faux pas."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to say something that feels out of place, inappropriate, or untrue, especially in a particular situation. While "strike" and "note" relate to music, in this context, the phrase is metaphorical, and its meaning cannot be understood from the literal interpretation of the words alone. Therefore, it is an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes causing a strong emotional reaction.

Meaning:
Causing a strong emotional reaction.

Usage:

1. Her comment struck a nerve and made him visibly upset.
2. He knew his words would strike a nerve with the audience.
3. They realized they struck a nerve when the discussion heated up.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Touch a nerve," "Hit home," "Resonate emotionally"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to cause a strong emotional reaction, usually by touching on a sensitive issue. "Nerve" is metaphorical, representing a sensitive or reactive point in someone, not referring to an actual nerve, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of causing someone to feel strong emotions, usually discomfort or anger. It comes from the image of hitting a sensitive nerve.

Meaning:
To cause someone to feel strong emotions, usually discomfort or anger.

Usage:

1. His comment struck a raw nerve with her.
2. She knew the topic would strike a raw nerve.
3. They accidentally struck a raw nerve during the discussion.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Touch a nerve," "Hit a sore spot," "Cause discomfort."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to unintentionally touch on a sensitive or emotional issue, often causing a strong or adverse reaction. The idiom uses "strike" metaphorically to convey the idea of hitting a sensitive point, while "raw nerve" symbolizes vulnerability or irritation. The meaning cannot be deduced literally from the words alone, which classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the mid-19th century, symbolizing the act of discovering something valuable or achieving great success. It comes from the gold rush era, where finding gold meant immense wealth.

Meaning:
To discover something valuable or achieve great success.

Usage:

1. He struck gold with his new business idea.
2. She felt like she struck gold when she found the job.
3. They struck gold with their latest product.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Hit the jackpot," "Hit pay dirt," "Find success."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to find success or wealth, often unexpectedly or through good fortune. "Strike" here refers to a sudden or fortunate discovery, while "gold" symbolizes great value or success. The idiom does not imply literal gold mining but uses gold metaphorically for something valuable, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of having a strong impact or making a powerful impression. It comes from the idea of striking a target accurately.

Meaning:
To have a strong impact or make a powerful impression.

Usage:

1. His words struck home and made her reconsider.
2. The message struck home with the audience.
3. Their campaign struck home, raising awareness.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Resonate," "Hit the mark," "Make an impact."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to have a strong impact, especially in terms of emotions or understanding. "Strike" here is used figuratively to indicate hitting the mark or causing a direct effect, while "home" adds the idea of the impact being felt deeply or accurately. It cannot be understood literally, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of having good fortune unexpectedly. It comes from the idea of striking something valuable by chance.

Meaning:
To have good fortune unexpectedly.

Usage:

1. They struck it lucky with the weather on their trip.
2. She struck it lucky and won the lottery.
3. He struck it lucky in his career.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Get lucky," "Have good fortune," "Chance upon luck."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to have an unexpected stroke of good luck or to experience fortunate circumstances. "Strike" metaphorically refers to finding or achieving something, and "lucky" indicates an unforeseen benefit or chance. The phrase's figurative meaning of good fortune is not apparent from the literal interpretation of the words, categorizing it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-19th century, symbolizing the act of finding something valuable, especially after hard work. It comes from mining, where finding rich ore was hitting pay dirt.

Meaning:
To find something valuable, especially after hard work.

Usage:

1. They struck pay dirt with their new discovery.
2. She felt like she struck pay dirt with her research.
3. He struck pay dirt in the real estate market.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Find treasure," "Hit the mother lode," "Uncover something valuable."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to achieve a significant or valuable result, particularly in terms of success or financial gain. "Strike" here again refers to a fortunate or successful discovery, while "pay dirt" is a figurative term for finding something valuable, usually in the context of a mining discovery. This figurative meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes taking advantage of an opportunity while it is still available.

Meaning:
Taking advantage of an opportunity while it is still available.

Usage:

1. She decided to strike while the iron is hot and apply for the job.
2. He urged them to strike while the iron is hot and invest.
3. They knew they needed to strike while the iron is hot and launch the product.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Seize the moment," "Act quickly," "Take advantage"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take action at the right moment when the opportunity arises. "Iron" is metaphorical for readiness or potential, and the phrase doesn’t refer to literal blacksmithing, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of deceiving someone by giving them false hopes or expectations. It comes from the image of leading someone on a string.

Meaning:
To deceive someone by giving them false hopes or expectations.

Usage:

1. He felt strung along by the false promises.
2. She didn't want to string him along with uncertainty.
3. They accused him of stringing them along for too long.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Lead on," "Mislead," "Deceive."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to deceive or manipulate someone, often by giving them false hope or promises. "String" here metaphorically represents controlling someone or leading them on, while "along" emphasizes the continuation of this act of manipulation. The figurative meaning of trickery or deceit is not directly related to the literal interpretation, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of being rendered speechless due to shock or amazement. It comes from the idea of being struck so hard that one cannot speak.

Meaning:
To be rendered speechless due to shock or amazement.

Usage:

1. She was struck dumb by the news.
2. He was struck dumb with surprise.
3. They were struck dumb at the unexpected result.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Speechless," "Astonished," "Flabbergasted."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be rendered speechless, usually due to shock, surprise, or awe. "Struck" here is figurative, indicating being overwhelmed or affected in a way that leaves one unable to speak, and "dumb" refers to being temporarily mute, not literally referring to the inability to speak. The non-literal interpretation of being speechless classifies it as an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 19th century and symbolizes being in a boring or unchanging situation.

Meaning:
Being in a boring or unchanging situation.

Usage:

1. He felt stuck in a rut with his routine job.
2. She wanted to break free from being stuck in a rut.
3. They knew they were stuck in a rut and needed a change.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Trapped," "Stagnant," "In a rut"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to being in a situation where progress is difficult or impossible. "Rut" is metaphorical, representing a stagnant, unchanging condition, not referring to a literal groove, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, symbolizing the act of being out of touch with current trends or remaining unchanged over time. It comes from the idea of being trapped in a different time period.

Meaning:
To be out of touch with current trends or remain unchanged over time.

Usage:

1. Their fashion sense seemed stuck in a time warp.
2. He felt like the town was stuck in a time warp.
3. She said his ideas were stuck in a time warp.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Outdated," "Old-fashioned," "Behind the times."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it describes being in a situation where things are unchanged, outdated, or out of sync with the current time. "Stuck" here metaphorically means being trapped or unable to progress, while "time warp" refers to a distorted or outdated sense of time. This figurative use, conveying a sense of being out of place or left behind, makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the transition from something grand or noble to something absurd or trivial. It comes from the contrast between the lofty and the ridiculous.

Meaning:
The transition from something grand or noble to something absurd or trivial.

Usage:

1. The discussion went from sublime to ridiculous.
2. She experienced a shift from the sublime to the ridiculous during the meeting.
3. They laughed at the transition from sublime to ridiculous in the play.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"From the majestic to the ludicrous," "From high to low," "From grand to absurd."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it expresses a shift from something grand or impressive to something absurd or trivial. The idiom uses the contrast between "sublime" (meaning elevated or great) and "ridiculous" (meaning absurd or laughable) to figuratively depict a sudden drop in quality or dignity. This shift in meaning cannot be deduced from the literal words themselves, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing an older man who provides financial support to a younger companion in exchange for a relationship. It comes from the idea of "sugar" symbolizing money and luxury.

Meaning:
An older man who provides financial support to a younger companion in exchange for a relationship.

Usage:

1. She introduced her sugar daddy to her friends.
2. He was known as a sugar daddy for his lavish gifts.
3. They speculated about the relationship, thinking he was her sugar daddy.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Wealthy benefactor," "Rich supporter," "Financial sponsor."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an older man who provides financial support to a younger woman, often in exchange for companionship or romantic favors. While the words "sugar" and "daddy" have their literal meanings, the combination in this idiom creates a figurative concept that refers to a particular type of relationship, not the literal idea of a sweet father. The meaning is figurative, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the mid-20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing the act of figuring something out or investigating. It comes from the slang term "suss," short for "suspect."

Meaning:
To figure something out or investigate.

Usage:

1. He needed to suss out the details before making a decision.
2. She managed to suss out the truth behind the story.
3. They sussed out the best approach for the project.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Figure out," "Investigate," "Uncover."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to investigate or figure something out, often through careful consideration or analysis. The word "suss" is a colloquial shortening of "suspect" or "susspect," meaning to investigate. While it has origins in slang and the literal meaning of "out" could imply removal, the phrase's figurative meaning of investigation or understanding cannot be directly inferred from the individual words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing the act of humbling oneself or accepting humiliation. It comes from the idea of swallowing something distasteful, like pride.

Meaning:
To humble oneself or accept humiliation.

Usage:

1. He had to swallow his pride and apologize.
2. She swallowed her pride and asked for help.
3. They swallowed their pride to make peace.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Humble oneself," "Eat humble pie," "Admit defeat."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to humble oneself, often by admitting that one was wrong or by putting aside personal dignity for the sake of a situation. The metaphorical use of "swallow" suggests a reluctant action, and "pride" refers to one's sense of self-esteem. The figurative meaning — letting go of one's pride — cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of swallowing, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being easily deceived or tricked. It comes from the image of a fish swallowing bait on a hook.

Meaning:
To be easily deceived or tricked.

Usage:

1. He swallowed the bait and believed the scam.
2. She warned him not to swallow the bait of false promises.
3. They were careful not to swallow the bait.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Fall for it," "Be tricked," "Take the bait."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to fall for a trick or to be deceived, often by accepting something without questioning it. While "bait" refers to something used to attract or lure, the phrase is figurative in nature. It implies that someone has been deceived or manipulated, and this meaning cannot be understood directly from the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of retracting or regretting something one has said. It comes from the idea of swallowing or taking back spoken words.

Meaning:
To retract or regret something one has said.

Usage:

1. He had to swallow his words after the prediction was wrong.
2. She swallowed her words and apologized for the mistake.
3. They knew they would have to swallow their words if proven wrong.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Take back," "Retract," "Regret saying."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to retract or take back something that has been said, often because it was inappropriate or wrong. The act of "swallowing" here is figurative, indicating a retraction or change of mind. The figurative meaning of regret or correction cannot be deduced from the literal meaning of swallowing, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 19th century, symbolizing a final performance or effort before retirement or death. It comes from the ancient belief that swans sing a beautiful song just before they die.

Meaning:
A final performance or effort before retirement or death.

Usage:

1. His last concert was his swan song.
2. She gave her swan song presentation before retiring.
3. They viewed the project as their swan song before moving on.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Final act," "Last performance," "Farewell effort."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to a final performance or last act before retirement or death. The idiom has historical origins in the myth that swans sing a beautiful song just before they die. While the words "swan" and "song" are literal, the figurative meaning of a final act or last effort cannot be inferred from them alone, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of ignoring or hiding a problem instead of dealing with it. It comes from the image of sweeping dirt under a carpet to conceal it.

Meaning:
To ignore or hide a problem instead of dealing with it.

Usage:

1. He tried to sweep the issue under the carpet.
2. She refused to sweep the problem under the carpet and faced it head-on.
3. They criticized the company for sweeping concerns under the carpet.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Ignore," "Hide," "Conceal."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to hide or ignore a problem rather than addressing it directly. The metaphor of sweeping something under the carpet suggests concealing or neglecting an issue, which is not related to the literal act of cleaning. The figurative meaning of avoiding confrontation or resolution cannot be deduced from the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes hiding or ignoring a problem.

Meaning:
Hiding or ignoring a problem.

Usage:

1. They tried to sweep the issue under the rug.
2. She knew it was wrong to sweep the problem under the rug.
3. He felt they were sweeping the concerns under the rug.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Conceal," "Ignore," "Hide"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to hide or ignore a problem, rather than addressing it. "Rug" is metaphorical here, representing an attempt to conceal something, not referring to an actual rug, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 19th century, symbolizing romantic or affectionate words whispered to someone. It comes from the idea of saying seemingly insignificant yet tender words.

Meaning:
Romantic or affectionate words whispered to someone.

Usage:

1. He whispered sweet nothings in her ear.
2. She loved hearing his sweet nothings.
3. They exchanged sweet nothings during their date.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Loving words," "Affectionate whispers," "Tender words."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to affectionate or loving words spoken to someone, typically in a romantic context. The term "sweet" here does not refer to actual sweetness, and "nothings" suggests things that are insignificant or meaningless, but they are made meaningful in the context of affection. Therefore, the figurative meaning of "sweet nothings" is not deducible from the literal words, making it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of going against prevailing opinions or trends. It comes from the image of swimming against the current, which is difficult and contrary to the natural flow.

Meaning:
To go against prevailing opinions or trends.

Usage:

1. He decided to swim against the tide with his unique ideas.
2. She felt like she was swimming against the tide in her conservative community.
3. They were known for swimming against the tide in their industry.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Go against the grain," "Defy norms," "Be unconventional."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to going against the prevailing trend or opinion, often in a challenging or contrary way. The literal idea of "swimming" against a tide suggests an exhausting and difficult endeavor, which is used figuratively to represent opposing dominant views or trends. The figurative meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been in use since the early 20th century, symbolizing the act of being murdered and disposed of in a body of water. It comes from mafia slang and the idea of someone being thrown into the water after being killed.

Meaning:
To be murdered and disposed of in a body of water.

Usage:

1. They warned him he would swim with the fishes if he betrayed them.
2. She shuddered at the thought of someone swimming with the fishes.
3. The thriller novel used the phrase "swim with the fishes" for its plot twist.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Be killed," "Be disposed of," "Murdered and hidden."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be killed, often in the context of a mob or crime-related scenario, and is typically used to imply that someone has been murdered and their body disposed of in water. The idiom uses "swim" metaphorically to imply death, with "fishes" symbolizing the place where the body is disposed. This figurative meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the 20th century and symbolizes being in a dangerous or competitive situation.

Meaning:
Being in a dangerous or competitive situation.

Usage:

1. He felt like he was swimming with sharks in the cutthroat industry.
2. She knew she was swimming with sharks in the competitive market.
3. They were prepared to swim with sharks in the high-stakes environment.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Facing danger," "In a risky situation," "Competitive environment"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to be in a dangerous or competitive environment, often involving risks. "Sharks" are metaphorical here, representing ruthless or aggressive individuals, not referring to actual sharks, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 20th century and symbolizes making a bold or ambitious effort.

Meaning:
Making a bold or ambitious effort.

Usage:

1. He decided to swing for the fences with his business idea.
2. She encouraged them to swing for the fences in their goals.
3. They knew they had to swing for the fences to achieve success.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Go big," "Aim high," "Take a bold step"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it means to take a big risk or make a bold attempt at success. "Fences" here is metaphorical, symbolizing a goal or target, not referring to actual baseball fences, making it idiomatic.

Origin:
This idiom dates back to the early 20th century, primarily in British English, symbolizing a situation where advantages and disadvantages balance each other out. It comes from the idea of gains and losses in a fairground ride.

Meaning:
A situation where advantages and disadvantages balance each other out.

Usage:

1. She realized that life is full of swings and roundabouts.
2. He thought the new policy was just swings and roundabouts.
3. They accepted the trade-off as part of the swings and roundabouts of business.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Trade-offs," "Balancing act," "Pros and cons."

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to situations where gains and losses are balanced or equal in the end. The idiom compares swings and roundabouts to describe an overall balance of outcomes, with the literal meanings of these objects used figuratively to suggest equivalence in a scenario. This non-literal meaning makes it an idiom.

Origin:
This idiom has been used since the 16th century and symbolizes an imminent and ever-present peril.

Meaning:
An imminent and ever-present peril.

Usage:

1. The threat of layoffs was like a sword of Damocles hanging over them.
2. She felt the constant pressure was her sword of Damocles.
3. They lived with the sword of Damocles over their heads due to uncertainty.

Similar Idioms / Phrases
"Looming threat," "Imminent danger," "Constant peril"

Justifications:
This is an idiom because it refers to an impending sense of danger or looming threat. The "sword" is metaphorical, representing the constant risk or peril over someone’s head, not referring to an actual sword, making it idiomatic.